Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm molecular geometry thiab electron geometry yog qhov molecular geometry yog txiav txim siab los ntawm covalent bonds ntawm lub molecule, whereas electron geometry yog txiav txim los ntawm cov electron khub nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus atom ntawm ib tug molecule.
Molecular geometry thiab electron geometry yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv chemistry thiab ua lub hauv paus rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg.
Molecular Geometry yog dab tsi?
Molecular geometry yog cov qauv molecular ntawm ib qho chaw muab rau hauv 3D kev npaj ntawm atoms. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws yog 3D kev teeb tsa ntawm cov atoms hauv ib qho molecule. Kev kawm thiab txheeb xyuas qhov kev npaj ntawm cov atoms no tuaj yeem pab peb txiav txim siab qhov polarity ntawm lub compound, reactivity, theem ntawm cov teeb meem, xim, magnetism, thiab lom.
Molecular geometry qhia cov duab ntawm cov molecule, daim ntawv cog lus, qhov ntev, daim ntawv cog lus, lub kaum sab xis, thiab lwm yam geometric tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txoj haujlwm ntawm txhua lub atom. Feem ntau, daim ntawv cog lus ntawm cov atoms tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov seem ntawm cov molecule xwb.
Daim duab 01: Dej Molecule
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab molecular geometry, suav nrog spectroscopic txoj kev xws li diffraction method, IR, microwave, thiab Raman spectroscopy. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem muab peb cov lus qhia txog molecular geometry siv vibrational thiab rotational absorbance uas tau kuaj pom los ntawm cov txheej txheem spectroscopic. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem tau txais cov duab molecular ntawm crystalline solids siv X-ray crystallography, neutron diffraction, thiab electron diffraction. Qhov kev txiav txim siab no yog ua raws li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm nuclei thiab qhov concentration ntawm electron ceev. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj hauj lwm ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv lub molecule yuav txiav txim tau los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm cov tshuaj bonds los ntawm uas nws txuas nrog rau cov nyob sib ze atoms.
Electron Geometry yog dab tsi?
Electron geometry yog kev npaj ntawm electron khub nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus atom. Hauv lwm lo lus, electron geometry yog 3D qauv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (xws li kev sib txuas lossis tsis sib txuas hluav taws xob) nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus atom. Feem ntau, ib khub electron ib leeg lossis ib khub tsis sib txuas hluav taws xob yog ib khub ntawm valence electrons uas tsis sib koom ntawm atoms hauv daim ntawv cog lus. Ib daim ntawv cog lus electron tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li ib khub ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas koom nrog hauv cov ntawv cog lus tshuaj.
Vim tias cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub hauv paus atom raug sib cais los ntawm ib leeg, ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no nyob ib puag ncig ib qho atom hauv txoj kev uas lawv ntsib tsawg heev. Yog li ntawd, daim ntawv cog lus cov ces kaum me ntsis txo raws li.
Daim duab 02: Electron Pairs ncig Carbon atom hauv Methane Molecule.
Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias tag nrho cov khoom hluav taws xob nyob ib ncig ntawm lub atom yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, ces cov molecular geometry thiab electron geometry nyob ib ncig ntawm lub atom no yog tib yam. Piv txwv li, ib tug methane molecule muaj plaub daim ntawv cog lus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus carbon atom, thiab tag nrho cov electrons nyob ib ncig ntawm nws yog daim ntawv cog lus electrons. Yog li ntawd, lub molecular geometry thiab electron geometry ntawm no molecule yog tetrahedral.
Qhov txawv ntawm Molecular Geometry thiab Electron Geometry yog dab tsi?
Molecular geometry thiab electron geometry yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov ntsiab lus tshuaj lom neeg thiab suav rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj ntawm cov molecules. Molecular geometry yog cov qauv molecular ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw uas muab rau hauv 3D kev npaj ntawm atoms whereas electron geometry tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog kev npaj ntawm electron khub nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus atom. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm molecular geometry thiab electron geometry yog qhov molecular geometry yog txiav txim los ntawm covalent bonds ntawm lub molecule, whereas electron geometry yog txiav txim los ntawm cov electron khub nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus atom ntawm ib tug molecule.
Summary – Molecular Geometry vs Electron Geometry
Molecular geometry thiab electron geometry txiav txim siab cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm molecular geometry thiab electron geometry yog qhov molecular geometry yog txiav txim los ntawm covalent bonds ntawm lub molecule, whereas electron geometry yog txiav txim los ntawm cov electron khub nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus atom ntawm ib tug molecule.
