Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev daws teeb meem thiab dej yog qhov kev daws teeb meem yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj molecules 'reorganization rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem, whereas hydration yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntxiv cov dej molecule rau cov organic compound.
Kev daws thiab dej yog ob txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv chemistry. Kev daws yog qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom hauv ib qho hnyav. Ntxiv mus, kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov kua dej yog hu ua hydration.
Kev daws yog dab tsi?
Kev daws yuav piav tau tias yog kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom hauv ib qho hnyav. Cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim vim lub zog attraction ntawm molecules ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj molecules. Feem ntau, lub zog attraction koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem no yog ion-dipole bonds thiab hydrogen bonding attractions. Cov kev ntxim nyiam no ua rau kev sib cais ntawm cov kuab tshuaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj.
Kev sib cuam tshuam ion-dipole tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov ionic compounds thiab cov kuab tshuaj polar. Piv txwv li, dej yog cov kuab tshuaj polar. Thaum sodium chloride ntxiv rau hauv dej, cov polar dej molecules nyiam cov sodium ions thiab chloride ions cais, uas ua rau cov sodium thiab chloride ions tawg. Qhov no ua rau kev tawg ntawm sodium chloride ionic compound.
Dab dej yog dab tsi?
Hydration tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov dej molecule rau cov organic compound. Cov organic compound feem ntau yog alkene, uas muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm ob lub atoms. Cov dej molecule sib txuas ob daim ntawv cog lus hauv daim ntawv ntawm pawg hydroxyl (OH–) thiab proton (H +). Yog li ntawd, cov dej molecule dissociates rau hauv nws cov ions ua ntej no ntxiv. Cov pab pawg hydroxyl txuas mus rau ib qho carbon atom ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus, thaum lub proton txuas nrog rau lwm cov pa roj carbon atom.
Vim tias nws cuam tshuam nrog kev sib tsoo thiab kev tsim cov ntawv cog lus, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog exothermic heev. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias; cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tso tawm lub zog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tshav kub. Nws yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv stepwise; Nyob rau hauv thawj kauj ruam, cov alkene ua raws li ib tug nucleophile thiab tawm tsam cov proton ntawm cov dej molecule thiab khi nrog nws los ntawm cov tsawg hloov carbon atom. Ntawm no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua raws li txoj cai Markonikov.
Kauj Ruam thib ob suav nrog kev txuas ntawm oxygen atom ntawm cov dej molecule rau lwm cov pa roj carbon atom (hloov cov pa roj carbon atom) ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov pa oxygen atom ntawm cov dej molecule nqa ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo vim nws dais peb daim ntawv cog lus. Tom qab ntawd los ntawm lwm cov dej molecule uas yuav siv cov proton ntxiv ntawm cov dej molecule uas txuas nrog, tawm hauv pawg hydroxyl ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua. Yog li, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua rau tsim cov cawv. Txawm li cas los xij, alkynes (triple daim ntawv cog lus muaj hydrocarbons) kuj tuaj yeem raug cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm kev daws teeb meem thiab dej?
Kev daws thiab dej yog ob txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov organic thiab inorganic chemistry. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev daws thiab dej yog qhov kev daws teeb meem yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj molecules 'reorganization rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem, whereas hydration yog hais txog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov dej molecule rau cov organic compound.
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev daws teeb meem thiab dej.
Summary – Solvation vs Hydration
Kev daws yuav piav tau tias yog kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom hauv ib qho hnyav. Hydration tuaj yeem piav qhia tias yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov dej molecule rau cov organic compound. Thaum cov kuab tshuaj yog dej, hydration zoo ib yam li cov txheej txheem daws. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev daws thiab dej yog qhov kev daws teeb meem yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj molecules 'reorganization rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem, whereas hydration yog hais txog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov dej molecule rau cov organic compound.
