Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm LTR thiab tsis yog-LTR retrotransposons yog tias LTR retrotransposons yog ib hom retrotransposons uas muaj cov davhlau ya nyob twg ntev dua hauv lawv cov qauv, thaum tsis yog-LTR retrotransposons yog hom retrotransposons uas tsis muaj qhov ntev ntev rov ua dua. hauv lawv cov qauv.
Retrotransposons (chav kawm I transposable cov ntsiab lus lossis transposons ntawm RNA intermediates) yog ib hom kab mob caj ces uas tuaj yeem luam tawm thiab muab lawv tus kheej tso rau hauv qhov chaw sib txawv. Lawv ua qhov no los ntawm kev hloov RNA rov qab rau hauv DNA los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua thim rov qab siv RNA hloov pauv nruab nrab. Muaj ob yam tseem ceeb ntawm retrotransposons li LTR thiab tsis-LTR retrotransposons
LTR Retrotransposons yog dab tsi?
LTR retrotransposons yog ib hom retrotransposons uas muaj cov davhlau ya nyob twg ntev dua hauv lawv cov qauv. Ntev ntev ntawm DNA rov tuaj yeem pom ntawm txhua qhov kawg ntawm LTR retrotransposon. Cov no yog hu ua long terminal repeats (LTR). Txhua LTR yog ob peb puas lub hauv paus khub ntev. LTR retrotransposons feem ntau yog tshaj 5 kilobases ntev. Ntxiv mus, ntawm qhov ntev lub davhlau ya nyob twg rov ua dua, muaj cov noob uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau zoo ib yam li retrovirus genes gag thiab pol. Cov noob no sib tshooj kom lawv encode ib qho protease uas ib txwm ua cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm rau hauv cov khoom siv noob.
Daim duab 01: LTR Retrotransposons
Gag noob ntawm retrotransposons ua ib yam khoom uas koom nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv retrotransposons los tsim cov kab mob zoo li cov kab mob. Pol gene ua cov khoom uas suav nrog cov enzymes xws li thim rov qab transcriptase, integrase, thiab ribonuclease H domains. Qhov rov qab transcriptase enzyme nqa tawm qhov thim rov qab ntawm retrotransposon DNA. Integrase enzyme integrates retrotransposon DNA rau hauv eukaryotic genome DNA. Ribonuclease H domains muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sib tw phosphodiester bonds ntawm RNA intermediates. LTR retrotransposons tseem encode cov ntawv sau nrog tRNA khi qhov chaw kom lawv tuaj yeem rov qab rov qab tau yooj yim heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li thaum lub retrotransposon muaj cov ntaub ntawv eukaryotic genome, nws tuaj yeem tso cov ntawv luam ntawm nws tus kheej mus rau lwm qhov chaw genomic nyob rau hauv ib lub cell eukaryotic.
Dab tsi yog LTR Retrotransposons?
Non-LTR retrotransposons yog ib hom retrotransposons uas tsis muaj lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntev dua hauv lawv cov qauv. Zoo li LTR retrotransposons, uas tsis yog-LTR retrotransposons kuj muaj cov noob rau rov qab transcriptase, RNA binding protein, nuclease, thiab qee zaum ribonuclease H domains. Tab sis lawv tsis muaj lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntev dua; Hloov chaw, lawv muaj luv luv rov hais dua uas tuaj yeem muaj qhov kev txiav txim rov qab ntawm cov hauv paus ntawm ib sab. Cov RNA khi cov proteins khi rau RNA hloov nruab nrab, thiab nucleases tawg phosphodiester bonds ntawm nucleotides hauv nucleic acids.
Daim duab 02: LTR thiab Tsis-LTR Retrotransposons
Txawm hais tias lawv yog cov retrotransposons, lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua cov ntawv rov qab siv RNA intermediate tib yam li LTR retrotransposons. Qhov no yog vim tias tsis yog-LTR retrotransposons tsis muaj cov kab ke uas khi tRNA. Li no, ib qho uas tsis yog-LTR retrotransposon transcribed rau hauv mRNA thiab txhais ua cov proteins ua raws li thim rov qab transcriptase. Rov qab transcriptase ua rau DNA luam ntawm qhov tsis yog-LTR retrotransposon's RNA uas tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv genome ntawm qhov chaw tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis yog-LTR retrotransposons poob rau ob hom: LINEs (ntev interspersed nuclear ntsiab) thiab SINEs (luv interspersed nuclear ntsiab).
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm LTR thiab Tsis-LTR Retrotransposons?
- LTR thiab tsis yog-LTR retrotransposons yog ob hom tseem ceeb ntawm retrotransposons.
- Ob hom muaj cov noob rau cov enzymes xws li thim rov qab transcriptase, RNA khi protein, nuclease, thiab ribonuclease H domains.
- Lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv tib neeg genome.
- Ob hom yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv.
Qhov txawv ntawm LTR thiab Tsis-LTR Retrotransposons yog dab tsi?
LTR retrotransposons muaj cov davhlau ya nyob twg ntev dua hauv lawv cov qauv, thaum tsis yog-LTR retrotransposons tsis ntev lub davhlau ya nyob twg rov ua dua hauv lawv cov qauv. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm LTR thiab tsis yog-LTR retrotransposons. Tsis tas li ntawd, LTR retrotransposons muaj ntev ncaj qha rov ua dua uas tsuas yog ib ntu ntawm cov hauv paus rov ua dua lawv tus kheej. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis yog-LTR retrotransposons muaj luv luv rov hais dua uas tuaj yeem muaj qhov kev txiav txim rov qab ntawm cov hauv paus ntawm ib sab.
Cov hauv qab no infographic nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm LTR thiab tsis yog-LTR retrotransposons hauv daim ntawv teev npe rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – LTR vs Non-LTR Retrotransposons
LTR thiab tsis yog-LTR retrotransposons yog ob hom tseem ceeb ntawm retrotransposons. LTR retrotransposons muaj cov davhlau ya nyob twg ntev dua hauv lawv cov qauv, thaum tsis yog-LTR retrotransposons tsis muaj qhov ntev ntev rov ua dua hauv lawv cov qauv. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm LTR thiab tsis yog-LTR retrotransposons.
