Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hafnium thiab zirconium yog tias hafnium muaj qhov sib piv qis dua li zirconium, uas muaj qhov ntom ntom.
Hafnium thiab zirconium muaj cov tshuaj zoo sib xws, raws li tau hais hauv qab no hauv kab lus no, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau cais lawv ntawm ib leeg.
Hafnium yog dab tsi?
Hafnium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj tus lej atomic 72 thiab cov cim tshuaj Hf. Nws zoo nkaus li ib qho lustrous, silvery-grey hlau uas poob rau hauv qeb ntawm tetravalent hloov hlau. Nws chemically zoo li zirconium. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem pom hafnium hauv ntau cov zaub mov zirconium ib yam nkaus. Cov hlau no tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv pawg 4 thiab lub sijhawm 6 ntawm lub rooj sib tham, thiab nws muaj nyob hauv d block ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Cov tshuaj no tau pom nyob rau hauv 1923 los ntawm Coster thiab Hevesy raws li qhov thib ob lub xeem ruaj khov. Cov khoom ruaj khov kawg yog rhenium.
Daim duab 01: Hafnium
Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab siab, cov tshuaj no tshwm sim raws li ib tug khoom hlau, thiab nws muaj siab melting thiab boiling ntsiab lus thiab. Qhov feem ntau thiab ruaj khov oxidation xeev rau hafnium yog +4. Lawm, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug primordial xwm, thiab nws muaj cov siv lead ua qauv ntawm ib tug hexagonal kaw-packed qauv. Nws yog paramagnetic hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog cov hlau nplaum uas tiv taus corrosion.
Feem ntau, hafnium yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov pas nrig rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv hafnium tsawg heev vim nws qhov zoo sib xws rau zirconium, uas ua rau nws yooj yim hloov tau. Qhov nyuaj rau kev sib cais thiab kev nplua nuj tsawg kuj ua rau nws cov khoom tsis tshua muaj hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ua qee cov alloys nrog hlau, titanium, niobium, tantalum, thiab lwm yam. Nws kuj tseem siv tau hauv kev tsim microprocessors.
Zirconium yog dab tsi?
Zirconium yog cov tshuaj muaj tshuaj muaj cov cim tshuaj Zr thiab atomic tooj 40. Lub npe los ntawm cov ntxhia zircon, qhov chaw ntawm zirconium. Nws yog ib qho lustrous, silvery-dawb hlau uas zoo li hafnium. Nws yog ib qho kev hloov hlau. Cov tshuaj no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv pawg 4 thiab lub sij hawm 5 ntawm lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, thiab nws yog ib tug d block element ib yam nkaus.
Daim duab 02: Zirconium
Zirconium yog cov hlau nplaum thiab cov hlau uas muaj nyob hauv cov khoom hauv lub xeev ntawm chav tsev kub thiab siab. Thaum nws muaj impurities, cov hlau yuav nyuaj thiab nkig. Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv hmoov, nws yog heev flammable, thaum cov khoom yog tsis tshua muaj ignition. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau no tiv taus corrosion los ntawm alkalis, acids, dej ntsev thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
Thaum xav txog nws cov ntawv thov, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv thov kub. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb raws li ib tug opacifier, raws li pwm rau molten hlau, tsim los ntawm lub chaw kuaj crucibles, raws li ib tug refractory khoom rau metallurgical furnaces, raws li ib feem ntawm ib co abrasives, thiab lwm yam.
Sib cais ntawm Zirconium thiab Hafnium
Vim tias zirconium hlau thiab hafnium hlau muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo sib xws, kev sib kis ntawm zirconium nrog hafnium lossis lwm qhov tsis muaj teeb meem rau feem ntau ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov khoom siv neutron-absorbing muaj qhov sib txawv heev uas ua rau nws tseem ceeb rau kev cais ob cov hlau ntawm ib leeg. Peb tuaj yeem siv cov kua-kua extraction, fractional crystallization, extractive distillation, thiab lwm yam, rau qhov kev sib cais.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Hafnium thiab Zirconium?
- Hafnium thiab zirconium muaj tib tus lej ntawm valence electrons.
- Lawv muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo sib xws thiab kev ua haujlwm.
- Ob leeg muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo sib xws.
- Lawv sib cais nyuaj vim muaj tshuaj zoo sib xws.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hafnium thiab Zirconium yog dab tsi?
Hafnium thiab zirconium muaj cov tshuaj zoo sib xws, raws li muab hauv qab no hauv kab lus no, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau cais lawv ntawm ib leeg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hafnium thiab zirconium yog tias hafnium muaj qhov sib piv qis, thaum zirconium muaj qhov ntom ntom. Ntxiv mus, cov neutron-absorption ntawm hafnium yog li 600 npaug ntau dua zirconium.
Cov hauv qab no infographic teev qhov sib txawv ntawm hafnium thiab zirconium nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tabular rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Hafnium vs Zirconium
Hafnium thiab zirconium yog cov hlau hloov pauv. Lawv zoo li ib leeg vim lawv muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo sib xws. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hafnium thiab zirconium yog tias hafnium muaj qhov sib piv qis, qhov zirconium muaj qhov ntom ntom.
