Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm microfiltration ultrafiltration thiab nanofiltration yog qhov loj ntawm qhov pores hauv lawv daim nyias nyias. Microfiltration siv cov membranes nrog microscale loj pores, thaum ultrafiltration siv cov membranes nrog microscale pore loj, tab sis lub pore loj yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas ib tug pore yog hais txog ib feem kaum ntawm particle loj. Nanofiltration, ntawm qhov tod tes, siv cov membranes nrog nanoscale pores.
Tag nrho cov microfiltration, ultrafiltration thiab nanofiltration yog hom membrane filtration analytical techniques uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sib cais. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua kom huv hauv cov txheej txheem.
Microfiltration yog dab tsi?
Microfiltration yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev pom. Cov kua paug paug tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm daim nyias nyias uas muaj microscale pores txhawm rau cais cov kab mob thiab cov khoom tshem tawm ntawm cov kua no. Cov txheej txheem kev tshuaj ntsuam no feem ntau siv nrog rau ntau yam kev sib cais, suav nrog ultrafiltration thiab thim rov qab osmosis. Qhov no muab cov khoom ntws uas tsis muaj cov kab mob uas tsis xav tau.
Daim duab 01: Lub Tshuab Microfiltration
Feem ntau, microfiltration ua haujlwm ua ntej kev kho mob uas tseem ceeb hauv kev sib cais xws li ultrafiltration. Ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem siv nws ua cov kauj ruam tom qab kho rau cov txheej txheem granular media filtration. Feem ntau, qhov pore loj rau microfiltration yog li ntawm 0.1 txog 10 micrometers. Cov membranes siv rau qhov kev pom no tshwj xeeb yog tsim los tiv thaiv kev dhau ntawm sediments, algae, protozoa, thiab cov kab mob loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntxaij lim dej no zoo li tso cai rau kev dhau ntawm cov khoom siv ionic xws li dej molecules, hom monovalent xws li sodium thiab chloride ions, natural organic teeb meem uas yaj hauv cov kua, me me colloids, thiab kab mob..
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no ntawm cov txheej txheem microfiltration, peb yuav tsum dhau cov kua dej los ntawm daim nyias nyias nrog lub nrawm nrawm (kwv yees li 1-3m / s). Ntawm no, peb tuaj yeem siv lub siab qis mus rau nruab nrab uas yog thaum uas tig mus lossis tangential rau lub semi-permeable membrane. Lub membrane feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv los yog ib daim ntawv tabular. Peb tuaj yeem siv lub twj tso kua mis tso cai rau cov kua dej dhau los ntawm cov lim membrane. Lub twj tso kua mis no tuaj yeem yog lub zog tsav lossis lub tshuab nqus tsev.
Muaj ntau daim ntawv thov ntawm microfiltration, suav nrog kev kho dej kom tshem tawm cov kab mob xws li protozoa, tshem tawm turbidity, thiab lwm yam
Ultrafiltration yog dab tsi?
Ultrafiltration yog ib qho kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas uas siv lub zog xws li siab lossis concentration gradient yog siv rau kev sib cais los ntawm ib daim nyias nyias. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, cov khoom raug tshem tawm uas muaj qhov hnyav molecular tsis tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm daim nyias nyias thaum dej thiab cov kuab tshuaj molecular tsawg tuaj yeem dhau mus. Cov seem uas tsis tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm daim nyias nyias yog hu ua retentate, qhov seem uas tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm lub lim yog hu ua permeate lossis filtrate. Txoj kev no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ua kom huv thiab tsom mus rau cov kauj ruam.
Daim duab 02: Txoj Kev Hla Hlav
Fundamentally, ultrafiltration zoo ib yam li microfiltration vim tias ob qho tib si cov txheej txheem no ua kev sib cais raws li qhov loj me los yog kev ntes particle. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov txawv ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cov roj membrane vim tias qhov kawg cuam tshuam nrog kev sib cais siv cov txheej txheem nqus thiab diffusion.
Feem ntau, qhov pore loj ntawm daim nyias nyias siv hauv ultrafiltration yuav tsum yog ib feem kaum ntawm qhov loj me uas yuav tsum tau sib cais. Yog li ntawd, nws txwv kev nkag mus ntawm cov khoom loj los ntawm daim nyias nyias. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem txwv kev nkag mus ntawm cov khoom me me los ntawm qhov pores thiab adsorbing lawv mus rau qhov pore nto. Lawv tuaj yeem thaiv qhov nkag, yog li peb xav tau kev hloov kho yooj yim ntawm kev sib tw khiav kom tshem tawm cov khoom.
Nanofiltration yog dab tsi?
Nanofiltration yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj ntsuam xyuas uas siv cov membrane filtration feem ntau kom muag thiab tua cov dej. Nws yog ib hom membrane pom txoj kev siv pore loj hauv nanoscale. Qhov pore loj li ntawm 1-10nm. Qhov pore loj no yog me dua qhov pore loj hauv microfiltration thiab ultrafiltration. Tab sis qhov pore loj yog qhov sib piv loj dua qhov pore loj hauv thim rov qab osmosis.
Daim duab 03: Nanofiltration rau Desalination
Feem ntau, cov membranes uas peb tuaj yeem siv rau kev npaj cov membranes siv hauv nanofiltration yog cov ntaub ntawv nyias nyias. Peb tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv xws li polyethylene terephthalate lossis hlau xws li txhuas los npaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no. Peb tseem tuaj yeem tswj cov pore qhov ntev ntawm cov membranes los ntawm kev tswj cov pH, qhov kub thiab lub sijhawm xav tau rau kev loj hlob ntawm pore.
Muaj ntau ntau yam kev siv nanofiltration, nrog rau cov chemistry zoo thiab tshuaj, roj thiab roj av chemistry, chemistry ntau, tshuaj, tsim cov roj yam tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom zoo sib xws, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Microfiltration Ultrafiltration thiab Nanofiltration yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm microfiltration ultrafiltration thiab nanofiltration yog qhov loj ntawm qhov pores hauv lawv daim nyias nyias. Microfiltration siv cov membranes nrog microscale loj pores, thaum ultrafiltration siv cov membranes nrog microscale pore loj, tab sis lub pore loj yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas ib tug pore yog hais txog ib feem kaum ntawm particle loj. Nanofiltration, ntawm qhov tod tes, siv cov membranes nrog nanoscale pores.
Cov hauv qab no infographic teev qhov sib txawv ntawm microfiltration ultrafiltration thiab nanofiltration hauv daim ntawv tabular rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Microfiltration vs Ultrafiltration vs Nanofiltration
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm microfiltration ultrafiltration thiab nanofiltration yog qhov loj ntawm qhov pores hauv lawv daim nyias nyias. Microfiltration siv cov membranes nrog microscale loj pores, thaum ultrafiltration siv cov membranes nrog microscale pore loj, tab sis lub pore loj yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas ib tug pore yog hais txog ib feem kaum ntawm particle loj. Nanofiltration, ntawm qhov tod tes, siv cov membranes nrog nanoscale pores.
