Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib semiconductor thiab insulator yog cov neeg xyuas pib qhia cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siab thiab semiconductors qhia qhov nruab nrab conductivity, whereas insulators qhia qhov tsis zoo conductivity.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog peb pawg uas peb tuaj yeem faib cov khoom siv raws li qhov hluav taws xob conductivity.
Tus neeg coj yog dab tsi?
Ib tus neeg xyuas pib lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog ib yam khoom hauv hluav taws xob engineering uas tso cai rau kev khiav ntawm ib lossis ntau cov lus qhia. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua hluav taws xob los ntawm lawv tus kheej. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau yog cov hlau thiab cov khoom siv hlau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, hluav taws xob tam sim no yog tsim los ntawm qhov ntws ntawm cov electrons tsis zoo, qhov zoo them, thiab qee zaum vim muaj cov ions zoo thiab tsis zoo.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, thaum cov hluav taws xob tam sim no dhau los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, nws tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm qhov chaw uas cov khoom siv tam sim no raug tsim tawm mus rau qhov chaw uas qhov kev siv tam sim no tshwm sim. Ntawm no, cov khoom them nqi zoo li cuam tshuam rau lawv cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig lub zog tsawg kawg nkaus, thiab qhov no tshwm sim raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze uas cov khoom nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm cov saw hlau txuas lub zog rau hauv cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam lub sijhawm ncua sij hawm hloov mus los ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom txawb.
Daim duab 01: Hluav Taws Xob Tus Coj
Thaum xav txog ob qhov tseeb tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab kev coj ua ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, qhov kev tawm tsam yog nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom thiab nws qhov ntev, qhov kev coj ua nyob ntawm qhov tsis kam. Ntxiv mus, qhov kub ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau qhov no. Tsis tsuas yog hlau xwb, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj lwm cov qauv ntawm cov conductors, uas suav nrog electrolytes, semiconductors, superconductors, plasma states, thiab qee cov nonmetallic conductors, suav nrog graphite.
Semiconductor yog dab tsi?
Semiconductors yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig uas poob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no zoo li poob thaum nce qhov kub thiab txias. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov conductivity ntawm semiconductors los ntawm kev qhia impurities (tus txheej txheem hu ua "doping") rau cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm cov khoom. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv no rau ntau daim ntawv thov sib txawv nrog qhov tseem ceeb.
Ob thaj chaw uas muaj cov qauv sib txawv uas tshwm sim hauv tib lub qauv siv lead ua tsim ib qho kev sib tshuam semiconductor. Cov kev sib txuas no ua lub hauv paus rau kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom hauv diodes, transistors, thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no.
Qee cov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor muaj xws li silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, thiab metalloid ntsiab. Cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws uas tau siv rau kev tsim cov semiconductor suav nrog laser diodes, hnub ci hlwb. Microwave zaus integrated circuits, thiab lwm yam, yog silicon thiab germanium.
Daim duab 02: Semiconductor - Silicon
Tom qab cov txheej txheem doping, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom hauv cov qauv siv lead ua tau nce sai. Nws tuaj yeem muaj qhov dawb lossis dawb electrons hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas pab hauv kev coj ua. Yog tias cov khoom muaj qhov dawb ntau dua, peb hu nws "p-type" semiconductor, thiab yog tias muaj cov hluav taws xob dawb, ces nws yog "n-hom". Thaum lub sij hawm doping txheej txheem, peb tuaj yeem ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov tshuaj pentavalent, suav nrog antimony, phosphorous, lossis arsenic, lossis trivalent atoms xws li boron, gallium, thiab indium. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem ua kom cov conductivity ntawm semiconductors los ntawm kev nce qhov kub thiab txias.
Insulator yog dab tsi?
Insulators yog cov khoom siv uas tsis tuaj yeem nqa cov hluav taws xob tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov atoms ntawm cov khoom siv no muaj cov electrons uas nruj nreem khi rau atoms thiab tsis tuaj yeem txav tau yooj yim. Thaum xav txog cov cuab yeej ntawm resistivity, resistivity yog siab heev piv rau conductors thiab semiconductors. Nonmetals yog cov piv txwv feem ntau ntawm cov insulators.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj cov insulators zoo meej vim tias lawv muaj cov nqi hluav taws xob me me uas tuaj yeem nqa hluav taws xob tam sim no. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov insulators zoo li ua hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob thaum muaj qhov txaus ntawm qhov hluav taws xob siv rau cov khoom siv, uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov electrons tawm ntawm cov atoms. Nws yog qhov tawg voltage ntawm lub insulator.
Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov insulators, suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los txhawb thiab cais cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yam tsis pub cov tam sim no ntws los ntawm lawv tus kheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem hloov tau yooj yim ntawm ib qho insulator feem ntau yog siv rau cov xaim hluav taws xob thiab cov cables los ua cov xaim hluav taws xob. Qhov no yog vim cov xov hlau uas tuaj yeem kov ib leeg ua rau muaj kev sib txuas, luv luv, thiab hluav taws kub nyhiab.
Qhov txawv ntawm Tus Neeg Siv Khoom Semiconductor thiab Insulator yog dab tsi?
Conductors, semiconductors, thiab insulators yog peb pawg uas peb tuaj yeem categorize txhua yam khoom nyob ntawm qhov hluav taws xob conductivity. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib semiconductor thiab insulator yog cov neeg xyuas pib qhia cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siab thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qhia qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov conductivity, hos cov insulators qhia qhov ua tsis tau zoo.
Cov lus hauv qab no teev qhov sib txawv ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib semiconductor thiab insulator rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Tus Conductor vs Semiconductor vs Insulator
Conductors, semiconductors, thiab insulators yog peb pawg uas peb tuaj yeem categorize txhua yam khoom nyob ntawm qhov hluav taws xob conductivity. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib semiconductor thiab insulator yog cov neeg xyuas pib qhia cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siab thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qhia qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov conductivity, hos cov insulators qhia qhov ua tsis tau zoo.
