Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm PVC thiab bakelite yog PVC yog cov khoom siv thermoplastic, qhov Bakelite yog cov khoom siv thermosetting.
A polymer yog cov khoom siv macromolecular uas muaj ntau qhov rov ua dua tshiab txuas rau ib leeg los ntawm covalent tshuaj bonds. PVC thiab bakelite yog ob yam khoom tseem ceeb polymer.
YPVC yog dab tsi?
PVC yog ib qho polymer uas muaj polyvinyl chloride. Nws yog ib qho thermoplastic polymer ua los ntawm chloroethene monomers. PVC yog ib hom polymer ntau heev. Muaj ob pawg ntawm PVC raws li daim ntawv nruj thiab daim ntawv hloov tau. Cov khoom siv PVC nruj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho kev xav tau, qhov hloov pauv PVC daim ntawv yog siv rau kev xaim thiab cables.
Daim duab 01: Polyvinyl Chloride
Muaj peb kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov PVC. Thawj kauj ruam suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm ethane rau hauv 1, 2-dichloroethane. Cov kauj ruam no yog ua los ntawm chlorination. Cov kauj ruam thib ob ntawm PVC ntau lawm yog tawg ntawm 1, 2-dichloroethane rau hauv chloroethene, nrog rau kev tshem tawm ntawm HCl molecule. Qhov thib peb thiab kawg kauj ruam ntawm PVC ntau lawm yog cov txheej txheem polymerization ntawm chloroethene thiaj li yuav tsim PVC los ntawm cov dawb radical polymerization txheej txheem.
PVC muaj ntau yam khoom tseem ceeb, suav nrog kev ua haujlwm siab thiab cov khoom siv zoo, tsis muaj cua sov ruaj khov, nplaim hluav taws xob zoo, hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev siab, thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Ntxiv mus, muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig rau kev siv PVC. Piv txwv li, nws tau yooj yim muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, thiab nws yog cov khoom pheej yig nrog lub zog tensile zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no tseem tiv taus cov tshuaj xws li acids thiab bases.
Bakelite yog dab tsi?
Bakelite yog thawj cov yas ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Bakelite yog ib qho thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin. Cov tshuaj no yog tsim los ntawm condensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm phenol thiab formaldehyde. Cov khoom raug tshawb pom thiab tsim los ntawm tus kws kho mob Leo Baekeland, thiab nws tau patented hauv xyoo 1909. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau hloov pauv vim nws tau ua ntau yam sib txawv thiab tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw.
Daim duab 02: Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm Bakelite
Thaum xav txog kev tsim cov bakelite, nws yog txheej txheem ntau yam uas pib nrog cov cua sov ntawm phenol thiab formaldehyde nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm catalyst. Feem ntau, HCl, zinc chloride, lossis ammonia puag yog siv los ua cov catalyst ntawm no. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tsim cov kua dej condensation npe hu ua Bakelite A. Nws yog soluble hauv cawv, acetone, thiab phenol. Tom qab cua sov ntxiv, cov kua no zoo li ib nrab soluble thiab dhau los ua cov pos hniav nyuaj insoluble. Thaum siv cov kub kub rau qhov ntau lawm, nws tuaj yeem ua npuas dej. Qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab ntawm Bakeland tau muab cov khoom ua kua kawg rau hauv lub qe-zoo li Bakelizer uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov foaming, uas ua rau muaj cov khoom uas nyuaj heev, infusible thiab insoluble.
Muaj ntau yam khoom tseem ceeb ntawm bakelite. Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem pwm cov khoom no sai, thiab nws muaj lub sij hawm ntau lawm. Ntxiv mus, cov molding no du heev thiab tuaj yeem khaws lawv cov duab. Tsis tas li, cov khoom siv tiv taus hluav taws xob, cua sov, khawb, thiab cov kuab tshuaj.
Qhov txawv ntawm PVC thiab Bakelite yog dab tsi?
PVC thiab bakelite yog cov khoom siv polymer. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm PVC thiab bakelite yog PVC yog cov khoom siv thermoplastic, thaum bakelite yog cov khoom siv thermosetting. Ntxiv mus, PVC yog tsim los ntawm polyvinyl chloride, thaum bakelite yog tsim los ntawm phenol-formaldehyde resin. Yog li, qhov no yog lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm PVC thiab bakelite. PVC ntau lawm suav nrog chlorination ntawm ethane, tshem tawm HCl thaum lub sij hawm tawg thiab polymerization ntawm chloroethane, thaum Bakelite muaj cua sov ntawm phenol thiab formaldehyde nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm catalyst.
Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm PVC thiab bakelite hauv daim ntawv tabular.
Summary – PVC vs Bakelite
Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si PVC thiab bakelite yog cov khoom siv polymer, lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg raws li lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab lub cev. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm PVC thiab bakelite yog PVC yog cov khoom siv thermoplastic, thaum bakelite yog cov khoom siv thermosetting.
