Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Bakelite vs Yas
Yas thiab Bakelite yog ob qho tib si organic polymers, muaj qhov hnyav molecular loj heev txawm tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ob raws li lawv cov khoom thiab kev siv. Bakelite yog thawj cov yas hluavtaws thiab lub npe hu ua "cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhiab siv" vim nws cov kev siv ntau yam. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yas nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab kev siv. Nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub, cov ntaub ntawv yas hloov cov khoom siv xws li ntoo, iav, ceramics. Bakelite txawv ntawm lwm cov yas vim nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Bakelite thiab yas yog, Bakelite yog thawj cov khoom siv hluavtaws thermosetting yas nrog cov cua sov resistant thiab tsis muaj hluav taws xob.
Y Bakelite yog dab tsi?
Bakelite yog hom yas tshwj xeeb nrog nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Nws yog phenol-formaldehyde cob; Nws yog thawj zaug uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1907 los ntawm Belgian-yug American chemist Leo Hendrik Baekeland. Lub invention ntawm Bakelite yog xam raws li ib tug landmark nyob rau hauv Chemistry vim hais tias nws yog thawj synthetically tsim yas nrog cov khoom xws li hluav taws xob tsis-conductivity thiab thermosetting khoom. Nws yog siv rau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov xws li xov tooj, khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub rau cov khoom siv ua noj.
YPlastic yog dab tsi?
Yas yog cov khoom siv polymeric ntau tshaj plaws uas muaj ntau yam xws li hluavtaws thiab semi-synthetic ntau yam. Cov yas yog yooj yim heev rau siv thiab yog kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, yas tau hloov ntau yam khoom siv tsoos; Piv txwv li paj rwb, ceramic, ntoo, pob zeb, tawv, yug, ntawv, hlau, thiab iav.
Cov chaw tsim khoom yas, raws li cov khoom siv thiab kev siv, tau faib cov yas xws li Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET 1), High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE 2), Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE 4), Polyvinyl Chloride (V3), Polypropylene (PP 5), Polystyrene (PS 6), Lwm hom yas (Lwm yam 7). Txhua pawg tau muab tus lej cim tshwj xeeb.
Qhov txawv ntawm Bakelite thiab yas yog dab tsi?
Khoom ntawm Bakelite thiab Yas:
Bakelite: Nws yog cov khoom siv yas thermosetting, tsis ua hluav taws xob, yog li, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv insulating. Bakelite yog resistant rau tshav kub thiab tshuaj ua hauj lwm thiab nws yog non-flammable. Lub dielectric qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm Bakelite thaj tsam ntawm 4.4 txog 5.4. Qhov no yog cov khoom pheej yig thiab ntau yam ntau dua li lwm cov yas.
Plastic: Lo lus "Plastic" yog lo lus Greek, txhais tau tias "muaj peev xwm ua tau pwm thiab zoo li." Lub peev xwm los pwm thiab ua kom yooj yim rau hauv cov duab uas xav tau yog cov cuab yeej dav dav ntawm cov yas. Tab sis, muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov yas nrog qee cov khoom zoo heev.
Kev siv Bakelite thiab yas:
Bakelite: Bakelite yog siv hauv xov tooj cua thiab xov tooj casings thiab hluav taws xob insulators vim nws cov khoom uas tsis yog-conductive thiab kub resistant. Ntau yam xim raug ntxiv, kom tau txais cov xim sib txawv rau cov khoom kawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov tais diav, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, cov kav dej, cov menyuam yaus cov khoom ua si thiab phom.
Bakelite muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv, pas nrig thiab raj rau ntau daim ntawv thov raws li ntau lub npe lag luam.
Plastic: Ntau hom khoom siv yas muaj rau kev siv sib txawv.
| Plastic qeb | siv ntau |
| YPolyethylene (PE) | Lub hnab ntim khoom loj, lub raj mis yas (qis) |
| YPolyester (PES) | Tshuaj fibers, textiles |
| YHigh-density polyethylene (HDPE) | Cov fwj tshuaj ntxuav tes, cov jugs mis nyuj, thiab cov hnab yas pwm |
| YPolyvinyl chloride (PVC) | Cov kav dej, cov ntaub thaiv da dej, qhov rais thav duab, pem teb |
| YPolypropylene (PP) | lub raj mis, haus cov quav, yogurt ntim |
| YPolystyrene (PS) | Ntim thiab ntim khoom noj, cov tais diav yas, khob pov tseg, phaj, cutlery, CD thiab cassette thawv. |
| High impact polystyrene (HIPS) | tub yees cov kab, ntim khoom noj, khob ntim khoom. |
Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm Bakelite thiab yas:
Bakelite: Bakelite yog cov organic polymer, synthesized siv benzene thiab formaldehyde. Chav tsev rov ua dua hauv Bakelite polymer yog (C6H6O·CH2O) n. Nws lub npe tshuaj yog "polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride".
Plastic: Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yas yog cov organic polymers nrog ib chav rov ua dua hu ua monomer. Qee cov qauv yas tau kos hauv qab no.
Image Courtesy: "Bakelite Buttons 2007.068 (66948)" los ntawm Chemical Heritage Foundation.(CC BY-SA 3.0) via Commons "Plastic hlaws2". (CC BY 2.5) ntawm Wikimedia Commons
