Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm protonation thiab ionization yog tias protonation yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov proton rau cov tshuaj lom neeg, whereas ionization yog tshem tawm lossis tau txais cov hluav taws xob los ntawm hom tshuaj.
Protonation thiab ionization yog ob lub ntsiab lus tshuaj uas tseem ceeb hauv kev piav qhia tus cwj pwm ionic ntawm hom tshuaj.
Protonation yog dab tsi?
Protonation yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov proton rau cov tshuaj xws li atom, molecule, lossis ion. Qhov no tsim cov conjugate acid ntawm cov tshuaj sib xws. Protonation tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb, thiab nws yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv ntau cov txheej txheem stoichiometric thiab catalytic.
Daim duab 01: Kev Tawm Tsam Protonation
Muaj ob hom kev ua protonation hu ua monobasic protonation thiab polybasic protonation. Monobasic protonation yog ib qho protonation uas tshwm sim hauv qee cov ions thiab molecules. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib co ions thiab molecules, muaj peev xwm muaj ntau tshaj ib tug protonation, thiab peb muaj peev xwm npe lawv li polybasic tshuaj hom. Qhov no polybasic xwm nws muaj tseeb rau ntau lom macromolecules.
Ionization yog dab tsi?
Ionization yog txheej txheem tshuaj uas cov atoms lossis molecules tau txais tus nqi zoo lossis tsis zoo. Cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim vim yog tshem tawm lossis tau txais electrons los ntawm atoms lossis molecules, feem. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ionization, peb tuaj yeem muab cov npe ions ua rau anions thiab cations, nyob ntawm seb lawv muaj, i.e. cations yog qhov zoo them ions thiab anions yog qhov tsis zoo them ions. Yeej, qhov poob ntawm electrons los ntawm ib tug nruab nrab atom los yog ib tug molecule tsim ib tug cation, thiab qhov nce ntawm electrons los ntawm ib tug nruab nrab atom muab ib tug tsis zoo nqi, tsim ib tug anion.
Thaum ib qho hluav taws xob raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov nruab nrab gaseous atom los ntawm kev ntxiv ntawm lub zog, nws tsim ib qho monovalent cation. Qhov no yog vim qhov nruab nrab atom muaj cov lej sib npaug ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab cov protons, ua rau tsis muaj nuj nqis; Thaum peb tshem tawm ib qho hluav taws xob los ntawm lub atom, muaj ib qho tshaj proton uas tsis muaj ib qho hluav taws xob los ua kom nws cov nqi. Yog li ntawd, lub atom tau txais tus nqi +1 (nws yog tus nqi ntawm cov proton). Tus nqi ntawm lub zog xav tau rau qhov no yog thawj lub zog ionization ntawm lub atom.
Daim duab 02: Ionization Reaction
Tsis tas li ntawd, ionization uas tshwm sim hauv cov kua dej yog tsim cov ions hauv cov tshuaj. Piv txwv li, thaum HCl molecules yaj hauv dej, hydronium ions (H3O +) raug tsim. Ntawm no, HCl reacts nrog dej molecules thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo them hydronium ions thiab tsis zoo nqi chloride (Cl–) ions.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ionization tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tsoo. Tab sis hom ionization no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov pa roj thaum muaj hluav taws xob tam sim no dhau los ntawm cov roj. Yog hais tias cov electrons nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no muaj ib tug txaus npaum li cas ntawm lub zog yuav tsum tau tshem tawm electrons los ntawm cov pa roj molecules, lawv yuav quab yuam tawm electrons los ntawm cov pa roj molecules, ua ion khub uas muaj xws li ib tug zoo ion thiab tsis zoo electron. Ntawm no, cov ions tsis zoo kuj tsim vim qee cov electrons nyiam txuas rau cov roj molecules es tsis rub cov electrons tawm.
Ntxiv mus, ionization tshwm sim thaum hluav taws xob hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txaus dhau los ntawm cov khoom khib nyiab, kua lossis roj; Piv txwv li, alpha hais, beta hais, thiab gamma tawg tuaj yeem ionize cov khoom; Yog li ntawd, peb hu lawv ionizing hluav taws xob.
Qhov txawv ntawm Protonation thiab Ionization yog dab tsi?
Protonation thiab ionization yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv chemistry. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm protonation thiab ionization yog tias protonation yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov proton rau ib hom tshuaj, hos ionization yog tshem tawm lossis tau txais cov electrons los ntawm hom tshuaj.
Cov hauv qab no infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm protonation thiab ionization nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tabular.
Summary – Protonation vs Ionization
Protonation thiab ionization yog qhov sib txawv rau ib leeg vim hais tias protonation hais txog qhov sib ntxiv thaum ionization feem ntau hais txog kev sib tsoo. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm protonation thiab ionization yog tias protonation yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov proton rau ib hom tshuaj, whereas ionization yog tshem tawm lossis tau txais cov hluav taws xob los ntawm hom tshuaj.
