Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo yog qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau yog qhov hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm sib txawv ntawm cov plasma daim nyias nyias ntawm cov cell excitable xws li cov neurons, cov leeg hlwb thiab cov hlwb endocrine, thiab lwm yam thaum lub peev xwm synaptic yog qhov post-synaptic. muaj peev xwm hloov pauv hauv neurons.
Lub paj hlwb xa cov cim ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab tswj xyuas cov kev ua thiab cov ntaub ntawv hnov. Nws muaj xws li ib tug complex network ntawm neurons thiab lwm yam hlwb. Ntau lab ntawm cov paj hlwb sib txuas lus nrog ib leeg los ntawm cov hlab ntsha impulses. Neuronal kev ua muaj peev xwm thiab muaj peev xwm synaptic yog ob lub peev xwm hluav taws xob uas pab hauv kev sib kis ntawm cov hlab ntsha impulses raws cov neurons. Lawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv, nthuav tawm thiab xa mus.
Qhov tseeb, qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov neurons. Kev ua tau zoo yog qhov hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm sib txawv thoob plaws plasma membrane ntawm neurons. Synaptic muaj peev xwm yog qhov hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm sib txawv thoob plaws tom qab synaptic membrane. Cov peev xwm ua tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kev suav ntawm ntau lub peev xwm synaptic hla cov membrane ntawm cov neuron.
Kev Ua Tau Zoo yog dab tsi?
Qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau tshwm sim hauv cov neuron thaum nws xa hluav taws xob impulses. Thaum lub sij hawm no cov teeb liab kis tau tus mob, lub membrane muaj peev xwm (qhov sib txawv ntawm hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ntawm sab nraud thiab sab hauv ntawm ib lub cell) ntawm cov neuron (tshwj xeeb yog lub axon) hloov pauv sai sai thiab ntog. Kev ua tau zoo tsis tshwm sim hauv cov neurons nkaus xwb. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau lwm yam excitable hlwb xws li cov leeg hlwb, endocrine hlwb thiab kuj nyob rau hauv ib co cog hlwb. Thaum lub sij hawm muaj peev xwm ua tau, cov paj hlwb ntawm impulses tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub axon ntawm cov neuron mus rau lub synaptic knobs nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm lub axon. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau yog los pab txhawb kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov hlwb.
Qhov peev xwm ua tau feem ntau nce mus rau ib puag ncig +50 mV los ntawm nws cov peev txheej so ntawm -70 mV thiab tom qab ntawd sai sai rov qab mus rau qib so dua vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tam sim no depolarizing. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov kev txhawb nqa uas ua rau muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj peev xwm so ntawm lub paj hlwb kom txo qis mus txog 0mV thiab ntxiv mus txog tus nqi ntawm -55mV. Qhov no yog hu ua tus nqi pib ntawm excitation. Tshwj tsis yog tias cov neuron ncav cuag tus nqi pib, qhov kev ua haujlwm yuav tsis raug tsim tawm.
Daim duab 01: Kev Ua Tau Zoo
Zoo ib yam li cov peev txheej so, kev ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm tshwm sim vim kev hla ntawm cov ions sib txawv thoob plaws hauv daim nyias nyias ntawm cov neuron. Thaum xub thawj, Na+ ion channel tau qhib los teb rau qhov kev txhawb nqa. Thaum lub sij hawm so muaj peev xwm, sab hauv ntawm cov neuron raug nqi ntau dua thiab muaj ntau Na+ ions sab nraud. Vim qhov qhib Na+ ion channels thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, ntau Na+ ions yuav maj mus rau hauv cov neuron hla daim nyias nyias. Vim yog + nqi ntawm sodium ions, daim nyias nyias ua tau zoo dua thiab tau depolarized
Qhov depolarization no thim rov qab los ntawm kev qhib K+ ion channels uas txav ntau dua ntawm K+ ions tawm ntawm cov neuron. Thaum K+ ion channels qhib, Na+ ion channels kaw. Qhov qhib ntawm K+ ion channels rau lub sijhawm ntev ua rau lub zog ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab dhau mus -70 mV. Tus mob no hu ua hyperpolarization. Tab sis thaum Na+ ion channels kaw, tus nqi no rov qab los rau -70mV. Qhov no hu ua repolarization.
Dab tsi yog Synaptic Potential?
Synaptic peev xwm yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob post-synaptic. Qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov kev ua ntawm neurotransmitters. Qhov no tseem tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog lub teeb liab uas tau txais los ntawm post-synaptic neuron. Muaj ob hom synaptic muaj peev xwm ua excitatory thiab inhibitory, raws li qhov xwm ntawm cov neurotransmitters thiab post-synaptic receptors. Excitatory synaptic muaj peev xwm depolarizes daim nyias nyias thaum inhibitory synaptic muaj peev xwm hyperpolarizes post-synaptic membrane. Neurotransmitters xws li glutamate thiab acetylcholine feem ntau nqa cov excitatory post-synaptic peev xwm thaum neurotransmitters xws li gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) thiab glycine nqa lub peev xwm inhibitory post-synaptic. Synaptic muaj peev xwm yog nyob ntawm kev tso tawm cov neurotransmitters los ntawm pre-synaptic neuron kawg.
Daim duab 02: Synaptic Potential
Synaptic muaj peev xwm muaj qhov tsawg dua. Yog li ntawd, ntau lub peev xwm synaptic xav tau los ua kom muaj peev xwm ua tau. Ntxiv mus, lawv muaj lub sijhawm qeeb qeeb thiab tsis muaj lub sijhawm refractory. Tsis zoo li qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo, cov peev txheej synaptic degrade sai sai thaum lawv txav deb ntawm lub synapse.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Action Potential thiab Synaptic Potential?
- Ob qho kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj peev xwm synaptic xav tau rau cov neurons sib txuas lus thiab xa cov paj hlwb.
- Ntau lub peev xwm synaptic xav tau los tsim kom muaj peev xwm ua tau.
- Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau yog nyob ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm synaptic hla daim nyias nyias ntawm cov neuron.
- Ob qho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev muaj peev xwm mus ncig lossis tshwm sim hauv ib qho kev coj.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Muaj Peev Xwm thiab Synaptic Potential?
Kev muaj peev xwm ua tau yog qhov hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm sib txawv thoob plaws plasma daim nyias nyias ntawm cov cell excitable xws li neurons, cov leeg hlwb thiab qee cov hlwb endocrine thaum lub peev xwm synaptic yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob tom qab synaptic ntawm cov neuron. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ua tau zoo thiab muaj peev xwm synaptic.
Ntxiv mus, qhov kev ua tau zoo ib txwm ua rau depolarization ntawm daim nyias nyias thaum lub peev xwm synaptic tuaj yeem depolarizing lossis hyperpolarizing daim nyias nyias. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov amplitude yog qhov loj hauv qhov muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm thaum nws yog me me hauv synaptic peev xwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm qhov sib txawv loj ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj peev xwm synaptic yog lawv lub sijhawm refractory; Lub sij hawm refractory yog txuam nrog cov peev xwm ua tau, tab sis tsis yog nrog cov peev txheej synaptic.
Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab cov peev xwm synaptic hauv daim ntawv tabular.
Summary – Action Potential vs Synaptic Potential
Kev muaj peev xwm ua tau yog qhov tam sim ntawd, nrawm, hloov pauv, thiab nthuav tawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov neurons. Nws tshwm sim thaum lub neuron xa cov hlab ntsha impulses raws axon thiab depolarizes lub cev ntawm tes. Synaptic muaj peev xwm yog qhov muaj peev xwm sib txawv thoob plaws tom qab synaptic membrane. Nws nyob ntawm qhov tso tawm ntawm neurotransmitters los ntawm presynaptic davhlau ya nyob twg. Qhov peev xwm ua tau tshwm sim raws li kev suav sau ntawm cov peev txheej synaptic. Kev ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm tshwm sim vim qhov ntws ntawm qee yam ions mus rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm cov neuron thaum lub peev xwm synaptic tshwm sim vim cov neurotransmitters thiab post-synaptic receptors. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ua tau zoo thiab muaj peev xwm synaptic.
