Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm isoelectronic thiab isosteres yog tias cov tshuaj isoelectronic muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo sib xws thaum cov isosteres yog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj qhov sib xws, muaj pes tsawg tus atoms thiab valence electrons.
Cov lus ua ntej "iso-" txhais tau hais tias ob lossis ntau hom tshuaj muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam. Isoelectronic hom thiab isosteres yog ob hom nta. Txawm li cas los xij, ob nqe lus no txawv ntawm ib leeg, nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb uas tau txiav txim siab los piv ntawm ob lossis ntau hom tshuaj.
YIsoelectronic yog dab tsi?
Lo lus isoelectronic yog hais txog muaj tib lub xov tooj ntawm electrons lossis tib lub teeb tsa hluav taws xob. Cov hom tshuaj uas peb tab tom xav txog hauv cov ntsiab lus no suav nrog atoms, ions lossis molecules. Cov hom tshuaj no yuav tsum muaj tib lub qauv hluav taws xob ntawm tib tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob valence thiaj li hu ua hom isoelectronic. Hauv lwm lo lus, lo lus no hais txog "sib npaug hluav taws xob" lossis "tus nqi sib npaug". Feem ntau, cov hom tshuaj no qhia cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo sib xws thiab vim tias cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov tshuaj yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm hom tshuaj.
Thaum xav txog qee yam piv txwv rau hom tshuaj isoelectronic, ib qho piv txwv zoo ib yam yuav yog He atom thiab Li + (Lithium cation) ion uas ob hom tshuaj muaj ob lub electrons hauv lawv atoms / ion. Ib yam li ntawd, K + (potassium cation) thiab Ca + 2 (calcium cation) yog isoelectronic vim ob qho cations no muaj [Ne]4s1 hluav taws xob teeb tsa. Ntxiv rau atoms/ion, peb kuj tuaj yeem muab qee qhov piv txwv rau cov molecules uas yog isoelectronic nrog ib leeg, suav nrog carbon monoxide molecule thiab nitrogen gas molecule.
Daim duab 01: Piv txwv ntawm Isoelectronic Molecules
Lub tswv yim ntawm isoelectronic xwm ntawm hom tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kwv yees cov khoom thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm hom tshuaj. Peb tuaj yeem siv qhov no los txheeb xyuas cov atoms zoo ib yam li hydrogen uas muaj ib qho hluav taws xob valence thiab yog li isoelectronic rau hydrogen. Ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem siv lub tswv yim no txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov khoom tsis paub lossis tsis tshua muaj nyob ntawm lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo ib yam li hom tshuaj lom neeg paub paub.
Isosteres yog dab tsi?
Lub sij hawm isostere yog hais txog cov tshuaj uas muaj qhov loj me, tib tus lej ntawm cov atoms thiab tib tus lej ntawm valence electrons. Cov hom tshuaj uas peb tab tom txiav txim siab hauv cov ntsiab lus no yog cov molecules lossis ions. Piv txwv li, benzene thiab thiophene yog isosteric molecules. Feem ntau, isosteric molecules muaj cov duab zoo ib yam vim lawv cov txheej txheem electron zoo ib yam. Feem ntau, hom tshuaj no muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo sib xws thiab. Lub tswv yim ntawm isosteres yog thawj zaug tsim los ntawm Irving Langmuir hauv xyoo 1919. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau hloov kho los ntawm Grimm.
Qhov txawv ntawm Isolectronic thiab Isosteres yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm isoelectronic thiab isosteres yog tias cov tshuaj isoelectronic muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo sib xws thaum cov isosteres yog hom tshuaj muaj qhov sib xws, tib tus lej ntawm atoms thiab valence electrons. Tsis tas li ntawd, isoelectronic piav txog atoms, ions lossis molecules thaum cov isosteres piav txog ions lossis molecules. Piv txwv li, cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab nitrogen gas yog isoelectronic rau ib leeg thaum benzene thiab thiophene yog isosteres.
Cov infographic hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm isoelectronic thiab isosteres hauv daim ntawv teev npe rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Isoelectronic vs Isosteres
Lub sij hawm isoelectronic txawv ntawm lub sij hawm isosteres vim hais tias lawv piav txog ob yam sib txawv ntawm hom tshuaj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm isoelectronic thiab isosteres yog cov hom tshuaj isoelectronic muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo sib xws whereas isosteres yog hom tshuaj uas muaj qhov sib xws, tib tus lej ntawm atoms thiab valence electrons.
