Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb meem whereas elementary particles yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws paub lub tsev blocks ntawm lub ntug.
Peb feem ntau siv cov npe cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ua cov lus sib piv. Tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb vim tias lo lus tseem ceeb yog siv feem ntau rau quarks thaum lub sij hawm elementary particle yog siv rau txhua qhov me me uas paub.
Dab tsi yog Qhov Tseem Ceeb?
Fundamental particles lossis quarks yog ib pawg loj ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb meem. Feem ntau, cov khoom no cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam nuclear muaj zog los tsim kev sib txuas ntawm quarks. Peb tuaj yeem hu cov kev sib txuas no ua Hadrons. Txawm li cas los xij, cais quarks tsis muaj nyob hauv peb lub ntiaj teb tam sim no. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog hais tias tag nrho cov quarks nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog nyob rau hauv ib co hom ntawm hadrons. (Feem ntau thiab paub hom hadrons yog protons thiab neutrons).
Daim duab 01: Quarks
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom quark muaj cov cuab yeej sab hauv hu ua tus lej baryon. Tag nrho cov khoom no muaj tus lej baryon ntawm 1/3, thiab anti-quarks muaj baryon tus lej -1/3. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, cov cuab yeej no yog hu ua tus lej baryon tau txuag.
Ntxiv rau cov no, quark hais muaj lwm yam khoom muaj npe raws li qhov tsw. Muaj ib tus lej uas tau muab los qhia txog qhov tsw ntawm cov khoom hu ua tus naj npawb tsw. Cov flavors yog hu ua Upness (U), Downness (D), Strangeness (S) thiab hais txog. Qhov nce quark muaj qhov nce ntawm +1 thaum 0 qhov txawv txav thiab qis qis.
Elementary Particles yog dab tsi?
Elementary particles yog subatomic particles uas tsis muaj substructure. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov khoom no tsis tuaj yeem muab faib ntxiv rau lwm cov khoom. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog fermions (uas tuaj nyob rau hauv ob hom xws li teeb meem thiab antimatter hais) thiab bosons. Yog hais tias muaj ib tug particle uas muaj ob los yog ntau tshaj cov ntsiab lus, peb tuaj yeem hu lawv ua cov khoom sib xyaw. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog bosons lossis fermions.
Daim duab 2: Elementary Particles
Bosons yog ib hom ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas muaj cov lej sib npaug. Cov khoom no tsis txwv los ntawm Pauli txoj cai cais tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem piav qhia txog lub zog faib ntawm boson hais siv Bose-Einstein cov txheeb cais.
fermions yog lwm yam ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas muaj ib nrab-tus lej tig. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom no raug txwv los ntawm Pauli Exclusion Principple. Tsis zoo li bosons, ob lub fermions tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv tib lub xeev quantum tib lub sijhawm. Yog tias ntau lub fermions muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, ces tsawg kawg qhov spin ntawm txhua fermion txawv ntawm ib leeg. Ntxiv mus, fermions yog cov khoom uas tsim teeb meem.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm Cov Particles thiab Cov Particles Elementary?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog quarks lossis cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb meem whereas elementary particles yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws paub lub tsev blocks ntawm ntug. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog quarks thaum lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog bosons lossis fermions.
Ntxiv mus, cov khoom siv tseem ceeb muaj xim xim thaum cov khoom siv hauv tsev yuav lossis tsis muaj xim. Yog li, qhov no yog lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom siv theem pib.
Hauv qab infographic piv ob qho tib si ntawm ib sab kom pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus yooj yim.
Summary – Fundamental Particles vs Elementary Particles
Txawm hais tias peb feem ntau siv cov npe ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb raws li cov lus sib txawv, nws muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog quarks uas yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb meem whereas elementary particles yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws lub tsev blocks ntawm lub ntug.
