Qhov txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab yog qhov thymus thiab cov pob txha pob txha yog qhov chaw uas ua rau lub xeev ntawm lub hauv paus kam rau siab thaum cov qog nqaij hlav thiab lwm cov ntaub so ntswg yog qhov chaw uas ua rau lub xeev ntawm peripheral kam rau ua.
Immune tolerance is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissues that has the potential of eliciting the immune response in an organism. Muaj ob hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob raws li qhov chaw nyob hauv lub xeev yog induced thaum xub thawj. Lawv yog central tolerance thiab peripheral kam rau ua. Central kam rau ua yog ib lub xeev ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob uas yog induced Ameslikas nyob rau hauv lub thymus thiab pob txha pob txha. Whereas, peripheral kam rau ua yog ib lub xeev ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas yog induced Ameslikas nyob rau hauv lymph nodes thiab lwm yam ntaub so ntswg.
Central Tolerance yog dab tsi?
Central kam rau ua yog ib hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob uas tshwm sim hauv cov thymus thiab cov pob txha pob txha (cov kab mob hauv lub hauv paus lymphoid). Nws yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uas pab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob cais tawm ntawm tus kheej tsis yog tus kheej. Hauv cov lus yooj yooj yim, kev ua siab ntev hauv nruab nrab pab txhawb kev txheeb xyuas ntawm tus kheej B hlwb paub tab thiab T hlwb yam tsis muaj kev nkag siab yuam kev ntawm tus kheej-antigens li cov microbes txawv teb chaws. Central kam rau ua tshem tawm cov tsim T thiab B lymphocytes uas reactive rau nws tus kheej. Txwv tsis pub, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav raug ntxias thiab tawm tsam tus kheej peptides. Yog li ntawd, kev kam rau siab hauv nruab nrab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshem tawm autoreactive lymphocyte clones ua ntej lawv loj hlob mus rau hauv cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob siab.
Daim duab 01: Central Tolerance
Central tolerance tshwm sim los ntawm ob lub tswv yim: B cell kam rau ua thiab T cell kam rau ua. B cell tolerance tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha thaum T cell kam rau ua nyob rau hauv lub thymus. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kam rau nruab nrab tsis yog txheej txheem zoo meej. Qee tus paub tab autoreactive T lossis B lymphocytes tuaj yeem khiav tawm ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, peripheral kam rau ua qhov chaw ua haujlwm thib ob kom ntseeg tau tias T thiab B hlwb tsis ua rau nws tus kheej.
Peripheral Tolerance yog dab tsi?
Peripheral kam rau ua yog hom thib ob ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg peripheral thiab lymph nodes. Txij li thaum lub hauv paus kam rau ua tsis yog ib tug zoo meej txheej txheem, peripheral kam rau ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug thib ob mechanism los xyuas kom meej lub deletion ntawm tus kheej-reactive T thiab B lymphocytes los yog hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm T thiab B hlwb rau hauv lub xeev anergic.
Daim duab 02: Peripheral Tolerance
Yuav kom rho tawm lossis hloov T thiab B lymphocytes rau hauv lub xeev tsis txaus ntseeg, peripheral kam rau ua los ntawm peb lub tshuab. Lawv yog induction ntawm anergy, tshem tawm ntawm autoreactive T hlwb ntawm apoptosis thiab kev loj hlob ntawm "induced" tswj T hlwb (Tregs).
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Central thiab Peripheral Tolerance?
- Central thiab peripheral kam rau ua yog ob lub xeev ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov teebmeem tshwm sim zoo ib yam.
- Ntxiv mus, peripheral kam rau ua tshwm sim los ua ib qho kev ua haujlwm thib ob rau kev ua siab ntev hauv nruab nrab txhawm rau xyuas kom meej tias T thiab B hlwb tsis ua rau nws tus kheej thaum lawv tawm ntawm thymus thiab pob txha pob txha.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis txaus ntawm ob qho tib si tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob autoimmune.
Qhov txawv ntawm Central thiab Peripheral Tolerance yog dab tsi?
Central tolerance thiab peripheral tolerance yog ob hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Central kam rau ua tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub thymus thiab pob txha pob txha thaum peripheral kam rau ua tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peripheral cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lymph nodes. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nruab nrab thiab peripheral kam rau ua. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev kam rau nruab nrab ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim T thiab B lymphocytes uas yog reactive rau nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, peripheral kam rau ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej-reactive T thiab B lymphocytes uas tau khiav tawm ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg peripheral. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab.
Hauv qab infographic muab cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab qhov nruab nrab sab nraud.
Summary – Central and Peripheral Tolerance
Kev kam rau tus kheej tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev ua siab ntev hauv nruab nrab thiab peripheral kam rau ua. Central kam rau ua tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thymus thiab pob txha pob txha thaum peripheral kam rau ua tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peripheral cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lymph nodes. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nruab nrab thiab peripheral kam rau ua. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov txiaj ntsig tshwm sim zoo ib yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kam rau nruab nrab tshwm sim ntawm ob lub tswv yim xws li T cell tolerance thiab B cell kam rau ua. Lub caij no, peripheral kam rau ua tshwm sim los ntawm peb lub tswv yim: induction ntawm anergy, tshem tawm ntawm autoreactive T hlwb ntawm apoptosis, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm "induced" tswj T hlwb (Tregs). Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias ob txoj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo nyob hauv tus tswv tsev.
