Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm RNA thiab mRNA yog RNA yog ib qho ntawm ob hom nucleic acids uas muaj ribonucleotides thaum mRNA yog ib qho ntawm peb hom RNA.
Nucleic acids yog ib qho ntawm cov molecules tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas pom muaj nyob hauv ntau yam nyob hauv ntiaj teb. Lawv yog lub luag hauj lwm rau encoding, xa, thiab nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv caj ces rau hauv cov proteins. Xyoo 1869, tus kws kho mob Swiss thiab biologist Friedrich Miescher thawj zaug txheeb xyuas nucleic acids thaum nws sim. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nucleic acids nteg lub hauv paus rau genome thiab forensic science nrog rau biotechnology thiab kws tshuaj industries. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm nucleic acid molecules yog DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) thiab RNA (Ribonucleic acid). Raws li kev ua haujlwm, muaj peb hom RNA thoob ntiaj teb, raws li tus xa xov RNA (mRNA), hloov RNA (tRNA), thiab ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Kab lus no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm RNA thiab mRNA.
RNA yog dab tsi?
RNAs yog ib leeg-stranded, polymerized molecules uas muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb nrog rau lawv cov polarity, electro-negativity, thiab qhov loj ntawm molecules. Feem ntau, RNA molecules loj dua cov proteins tab sis me dua DNA. Ntxiv mus, lawv yog complementary nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Cov yam ntxwv no pab kom rho tawm RNA los ntawm kev sib pauv ion, ion-pairing thim rov qab theem, qhov loj me, thiab kev sib raug zoo. Ntxiv mus, nucleoids tsim cov monomers. Txhua nucleotide muaj ib lub hauv paus nitrogenous (adenine, cytosine, guanine, los yog uracil), ribose qab zib nrog carbon tooj 1' txog 5', thiab ib pawg phosphate txuas rau 5' txoj hauj lwm ntawm ribose.
Daim duab 01: RNA hauv Kev Txhais Lus
Muaj peb hom RNA molecules: mRNA, tRNA, thiab rRNA. Txhua hom no muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov protein synthesis. Txawm hais tias lawv qhov sib txawv hauv kev ua haujlwm loj, tag nrho peb lub molecules yog biochemically zoo sib xws. mRNA strand muaj cov txheej txheem caj ces los tsim cov protein. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tRNA yog khi rau cov amino acids tshwj xeeb thiab thauj lawv mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kev txhais lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, ribosomal RNA yog ib feem ntawm ribosome, thiab nws sib sau cov amino acids rau hauv cov saw hlau polypeptide thiab ua tiav cov protein.
mRNA yog dab tsi?
Messenger RNA lossis mRNA yog hom RNA uas nqa cov ntaub ntawv caj ces los ua cov protein hauv lub cell. Hauv luv luv, nws ua raws li qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov noob thiab cov khoom siv txhais lus polypeptide. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sau ntawv, mRNA strands yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib lub cell. Lawv nqa cov ntaub ntawv coding rau ribosomes. Ribosomes ua raws li qhov chaw ntawm cov protein synthesis. Nyob rau hauv lub ribosomes, cov mRNA molecules hloov mus ua polymers ntawm amino acids los yog proteins.
Daim duab 02: mRNA
Ntxiv mus, mRNA molecules tsis muaj lub neej ntev hauv lub cell, tsis zoo li lwm yam RNAs; mRNA ntawm prokaryotes muaj luv luv ib nrab-lub neej (tsuas yog ob peb feeb) whereas ntawm eukaryotes muaj kev sib tw ntev ib nrab-lub neej (xws li rau teev rau mammalian mRNA). Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov molecules nyob rau hauv ib lub cell txawv heev, nyob ntawm seb qhov ntev ntawm cov protein raug synthesized.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm RNA thiab mRNA?
- mRNA yog ib qho ntawm peb hom RNA.
- Lawv yog ib leeg-strand nucleic acids.
- Tsis tas li, ribonucleotides yog cov monomers ntawm RNA thiab mRNA.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, ob qho tib si koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov protein.
- Ntxiv mus, lawv muaj nyob hauv cytoplasm.
Qhov txawv ntawm RNA thiab mRNA yog dab tsi?
RNA yog ib qho nucleic acid uas tsim ribonucleotides thaum mRNA yog ib qho ntawm peb hom RNA. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm RNA thiab mRNA. Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntawm RNA thiab mRNA yog tias RNA thauj cov amino acids mus rau ribosomes thaum qee RNAs koom nrog kev sib sau ntawm cov amino acids rau hauv cov protein. Txawm li cas los xij, mRNA muaj cov cai caj ces los tsim cov protein.
Nquag, mRNA sequences ntev dua li lwm RNAs. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm RNA thiab mRNA. Txawm li cas los xij, mRNA tsis muaj cheeb tsam tsis-coding thaum lwm RNAs muaj cov cheeb tsam tsis-coding.
Summary – RNA vs mRNA
RNA sawv cev rau ribonucleic acid. Nws yog ib qho nucleic acid uas tsim ribonucleotides. Muaj peb hom RNAs li mRNA, rRNA, thiab tRNA. Tag nrho peb hom ua haujlwm ua ke thaum lub sijhawm txhais lus los tsim cov protein. mRNA nqa cov noob caj noob ces los tsim cov protein los ntawm DNA qauv thaum rRNA thiab tRNA pab koom nrog cov amino acids rau ribosomes hauv qhov kev txiav txim kom raug raws li tau hais hauv mRNA ntu thiab tRNA coj cov amino acids rau ribosomes. Hauv kev sib piv rau rRNA thiab tRNA, mRNA nyob luv luv. Txawm li cas los xij, mRNA sequences ntev dua rRNA thiab tRNA. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm RNA thiab mRNA.
