Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm quaternary ammonium thiab ammonia yog tias quaternary ammonia molecule muaj lub hauv paus nitrogen atom khi rau plaub pawg alkyl whereas ammonia molecule muaj ib lub chaw nitrogen khi rau peb hydrogen atoms.
Quaternary ammonium yog ib qho cation uas tau los ntawm ib txwm ammonia molecule. Ntawm no, peb lub hydrogen atoms ntawm ammonia molecule tau hloov nrog cov pab pawg zoo sib xws lossis txawv alkyl, thiab muaj ib pawg alkyl ntxiv khi rau cov nitrogen atom ntawm nws ib leeg electron khub.
Quaternary Ammonium yog dab tsi?
Quaternary ammonium yog ib qho cation muab los ntawm ammonia molecule, thiab nws muaj lub hauv paus nitrogen atom nrog plaub pawg alkyl hloov rau nws. Yog li, cov tshuaj formula ntawm cov molecule no tuaj yeem sau ua [N-R1R2R3R 4 + Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov cation no yog raws li nram no:
Daim duab 01: Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm Quaternary Ammonium Cation
Cov cations no yog luv ua quats. Lawv yog cov zoo them polyatomic ions. Muaj ob peb ions tsim los ntawm ammonia molecule nrog rau thawj, theem nrab thiab tertiary ammonia. Cov no muaj npe raws li tus naj npawb ntawm alkyl pawg khi rau nitrogen atom.
Cov tebchaw feem ntau ntawm quaternary ammonium yog quaternary ammonium ntsev. Cov tebchaw no tuaj yeem npaj tau los ntawm alkylation ntawm tertiary amines nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm halocarbons. Feem ntau, quaternary ammonium cations yog unreactive rau txawm muaj zog oxidants, muaj zog acids, thiab electrophiles. Txawm li cas los xij, cov cations no tau degradation nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub hauv paus muaj zog heev.
Ammonia yog dab tsi?
Ammonia yog ib qho inorganic compound uas muaj cov tshuaj formula NH3. Nws yog ib qho gaseous, thiab nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj pnictogen hydride. Ammonia tshwm sim raws li cov pa roj uas tsis muaj xim muaj pungent, irritating tsw. Lub npe IUPAC ntawm Ammonia yog azane.
Cov tshuaj formula yog NH3. Yog li, molar mass yog 17.03 g / mol. Lub melting point ntawm ammonia yog -77.73 ° C, thiab boiling point -33.34 ° C.
Daim duab 02: Cov qauv ntawm Ammonia Molecule
Thaum xav txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ammonia roj, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig tab sis nyob rau hauv kab raws li ib yam khoom ntawm nitrogenous tsiaj thiab zaub teeb meem. Qee zaum, peb tuaj yeem pom ammonia hauv dej nag thiab. Hauv peb lub cev, ob lub raum tso tawm ammonia kom tshem tawm cov kua qaub ntau dhau.
Hauv cov qauv tshuaj ntawm ammonia molecule, nws muaj nitrogen atom khi rau peb hydrogen atoms. Txij li thaum muaj tsib electrons nyob rau hauv lub sab nraud electron plhaub ntawm nitrogen, muaj ib leeg electron khub ntawm nitrogen atom ntawm ammonia molecule. Yog li ntawd, lub geometry ntawm ammonia molecule yog trigonal pyramidal. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem liquefy cov compound no yooj yim. Qhov no yog vim nws muaj peev xwm tsim hydrogen bonds ntawm ammonia molecules vim muaj N-H bonds thiab ib leeg electron khub ib yam nkaus.
Qhov txawv ntawm Quaternary Ammonium thiab Ammonia yog dab tsi?
Quaternary ammonium yog ib qho cation muab los ntawm ammonia molecule. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm quaternary ammonium thiab ammonia yog tias quaternary ammonia molecule muaj lub hauv paus nitrogen atom khi nrog plaub pawg alkyl thaum ammonia molecule muaj ib qhov chaw nitrogen khi rau peb hydrogen atoms.
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm quaternary ammonium thiab ammonia.
Summary – Quaternary Ammonium vs Ammonia
Quaternary ammonium yog ib qho cation muab los ntawm ammonia molecule. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm quaternary ammonium thiab ammonia yog tias quaternary ammonia molecule muaj lub hauv paus nitrogen atom khi nrog plaub pawg alkyl hos ammonia molecule muaj ib lub chaw nitrogen khi rau peb hydrogen atoms.
