Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov polar thiab dipolar molecules yog cov polar molecules muaj ob qhov sib txawv nrog cov hluav taws xob sib txawv, qhov dipolar molecules muaj ob tug ncej.
Feem ntau, peb tuaj yeem siv cov ntsiab lus polar thiab dipolar sib hloov vim ob qho tib si ntawm cov ntsiab lus no piav qhia txog ib qho molecule uas muaj ob qhov sib txawv. Cov kev sib txawv no tshwm sim vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob faib thoob plaws hauv lub molecule.
Dab tsi yog Polar Molecules?
Polar molecules yog hom tshuaj lom neeg muaj polar bonds. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub sijhawm dipole ntawm cov ntawv cog lus polar no tsis sib npaug rau xoom. Daim ntawv cog lus polar muaj ib feem zoo them kawg thiab ib feem tsis zoo them kawg. Cov nqi hluav taws xob no tshwm sim vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob faib thoob plaws hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi electronegativity ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus tshuaj. Ntawm no, lub atom ntau electronegative attracts cov electrons ntawm daim ntawv cog lus electron khub ntawm nws tus kheej, uas muab cov atom no ib feem tsis zoo nqi. Yog li ntawd, lwm cov atom hauv daim ntawv cog lus no tau txais ib feem ntawm qhov zoo vim qhov tsis muaj hluav taws xob nyob ib puag ncig nws, uas qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm cov protons hauv atomic nuclei.
Daim duab 01: Kev Sib cais hauv cov dej molecule
Dhau li ntawd, lub polar molecule tuaj yeem tsim thaum lub spatial kev npaj ntawm cov molecule (geometry) ua rau cov nqi zoo sib sau ua ke ntawm ib sab ntawm cov molecule thiab cov nqi tsis zoo ntawm sab nraud. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm poplar molecules muaj xws li dej, ammonia, ethanol, sulfur dioxide, thiab hydrogen sulfide.
Dab tsi yog Dipolar Molecules?
Dipolar molecules yog hom tshuaj uas muaj ob tug ncej nyob rau hauv tib lub molecule. Lub sijhawm dipole tshwm sim thaum muaj kev sib cais hauv cov nqi hluav taws xob vim qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thoob plaws hauv lub molecule. Dipole lub sij hawm tshwm sim vim qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity qhov tseem ceeb ntawm atoms hauv cov molecule. Tsis zoo li cov polar tebchaw, dipolar molecules yog hluav taws xob nruab nrab (qhov hluav taws xob tag nrho ntawm cov molecule yog xoom). Qhov no yog vim hais tias tus nqi sib cais ntawm cov molecule qhia raws nraim tib yam nqi hluav taws xob nrog raws nraim qhov opposite orientation, uas tshem tawm ib leeg; yog li no, tsis muaj nqi them.
Daim duab 02: Kev xa tawm ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob hauv Carbonyl Oxide
Nyob rau hauv feem ntau dipolar molecules, cov nqi yog delocalized thoob plaws hauv molecule. Qee qhov piv txwv suav nrog carbonyl oxide, diazomethane, phosphonium ylide, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Polar thiab Dipolar Molecules yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov polar thiab dipolar molecules yog cov polar molecules muaj ob qhov sib txawv nrog cov hluav taws xob sib txawv, qhov dipolar molecules muaj ob tug ncej. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov ntsiab lus dav dav, peb tuaj yeem siv cov ntsiab lus polar thiab dipolar interchangeably vim hais tias ob lo lus no piav txog ib qho molecule uas muaj ob qhov sib txawv.
Dhau li, lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov polar thiab dipolar molecules yog cov polar molecules tsim thaum muaj kev sib cais thaum dipolar molecules tsim vim qhov txawv ntawm electronegativity qhov tseem ceeb ntawm atoms.
Hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov polar thiab dipolar molecules.
Summary – Polar vs Dipolar Molecules
Hauv luv luv, peb tuaj yeem siv cov ntsiab lus polar thiab polar interchangeably vim hais tias ob lo lus no piav txog ib qho molecule uas muaj ob qhov sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov polar thiab dipolar molecules yog cov polar molecules muaj ob qhov sib txawv nrog cov hluav taws xob sib txawv, qhov dipolar molecules muaj ob tug ncej.
