Polar Bonds vs Polar Molecules
Polarity tshwm sim vim qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity. Electronegativity muab ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm ib lub atom kom nyiam electrons nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv cog lus. Feem ntau Pauling nplai yog siv los qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm electronegativity. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, muaj ib tug qauv raws li yuav ua li cas lub electronegativity qhov tseem ceeb hloov. Fluorine muaj tus nqi siab tshaj plaws electronegativity, uas yog 4 raws li Pauling nplai. Los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis los ntawm ib lub sij hawm, tus nqi electronegativity nce. Yog li ntawd, halogens muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm electronegativity loj dua nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm, thiab pawg 1 cov ntsiab lus muaj qhov sib piv qis electronegativity qhov tseem ceeb. Hauv cov pab pawg, cov txiaj ntsig electronegativity txo. Thaum ob ntawm tib lub atom los yog atoms muaj tib lub electronegativity tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ntawm lawv, cov atoms rub lub electron khub nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo sib xws. Yog li ntawd, lawv nyiam sib koom cov electrons thiab cov nyiaj no yog hu ua covalent bonds.
Polar Bonds yog dab tsi?
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ob lub atom sib txawv, lawv cov electronegativities feem ntau sib txawv. Tab sis qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv yuav siab dua lossis qis dua. Yog li ntawd, lub bonded electron khub yog rub ntau dua los ntawm ib lub atom piv rau lwm lub atom, uas yog koom nyob rau hauv kev ua daim ntawv cog lus. Qhov no yuav ua rau muaj kev faib tsis sib npaug ntawm electrons ntawm ob lub atoms. Thiab cov hom ntawm covalent bonds yog hu ua polar bonds. Vim tias qhov sib faib tsis sib npaug ntawm cov hluav taws xob, ib lub atom yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo me ntsis, thaum lwm lub atom yuav muaj qhov zoo me ntsis. Hauv qhov piv txwv no, peb hais tias cov atoms tau txais ib feem tsis zoo lossis qhov zoo. Lub atom nrog lub siab dua electronegativity tau txais qhov tsis zoo me ntsis, thiab lub atom nrog qis electronegativity yuav tau txais qhov zoo me ntsis. Polarity txhais tau tias kev sib cais ntawm cov nqi. Cov molecules no muaj lub sijhawm dipole. Dipole lub sijhawm ntsuas qhov polarity ntawm daim ntawv cog lus, thiab nws feem ntau ntsuas hauv debyes (nws kuj muaj kev taw qhia).
Dab tsi yog Polar Molecules?
Nyob hauv ib lub molecule, yuav muaj tsawg kawg yog ib daim ntawv cog lus lossis ntau tshaj qhov ntawd. Qee daim ntawv cog lus yog polar, thiab qee cov ntawv cog lus tsis yog polar. Rau ib lub molecule los ua polar, tag nrho cov kev sib koom ua ke yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev sib faib tsis sib luag hauv cov molecule. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov molecules muaj cov geometries sib txawv, yog li kev faib ntawm cov ntawv cog lus kuj txiav txim siab qhov polarity ntawm cov molecule. Piv txwv li, hydrogen chloride yog ib tug polar molecule nrog tsuas yog ib daim ntawv cog lus. Dej molecule yog ib tug polar molecule nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus. Thiab ammonia yog lwm polar molecule. Lub sijhawm dipole nyob rau hauv cov molecules yog nyob ruaj khov vim lawv tau tshwm sim vim qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity, tab sis muaj lwm cov molecules, uas tuaj yeem ua polar nkaus xwb nyob rau qee lub sijhawm. Ib qho molecule nrog lub dipole mus tas li tuaj yeem ua rau lub dipole nyob rau hauv lwm qhov tsis yog polar molecule thiab tom qab ntawd kuj yuav dhau los ua ib ntus polar molecules. Txawm nyob rau hauv ib qho molecule tej kev hloov pauv yuav ua rau lub sij hawm dipole ib ntus.
Qhov txawv ntawm Polar Bonds thiab Polar Molecules yog dab tsi?
• Polar molecules muaj polar bond.
• Ib daim ntawv cog lus yog polar thaum ob lub atoms uas koom nrog hauv daim ntawv cog lus muaj qhov sib txawv electronegativities. Nyob rau hauv polar molecule, tag nrho cov bonds collectively yuav tsum tsim ib tug polarity.
• Txawm hais tias ib lub molecule muaj polar bonds, nws tsis ua rau molecule polar. Yog hais tias lub molecule yog symmetrical thiab tag nrho cov bonds zoo sib xws, ces lub molecule yuav ua tsis polar. Yog li ntawd, tsis yog tag nrho cov molecules nrog polar bonds yog polar.
