Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm microstate thiab macrostate yog tias microstate yog hais txog kev teeb tsa microscopic ntawm lub thermodynamic system, whereas macrostate yog hais txog cov khoom macroscopic ntawm lub thermodynamic system.
Microstate thiab macrostate yog ob hom tshuaj lom neeg lub tswv yim uas siv rau cov tshuab thev naus laus zis. Microstate ntawm lub thermodynamic system piav qhia txog cov khoom siv microscopic ntawm lub cev thaum macrostate piav qhia txog cov khoom macroscopic. Feem ntau, cov khoom ntawm macrostate yog nruab nrab ntawm ntau lub microstates.
Microstate yog dab tsi?
Microstate yog ib lo lus uas piav txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Hauv classical thermodynamics, nws piav qhia tias cov tshuab thermodynamic yog cov tshuab macroscopic uas muaj cov khoom macroscopic. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov tshuab thev naus laus zis no yog tsim los ntawm atoms; Yog li ntawd, nws tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab txog microstate ntawm lub system ib yam nkaus, uas qhia txog lub xeev quantum ntawm tag nrho cov atoms hauv lub system.
Daim duab 01: Ib Thermodynamic System
Piv txwv li, qhov kev hloov pauv hauv microstate tuaj yeem me me li 10 35 zaug dua li macrostate, tab sis tseem muaj cov kev hloov pauv hauv qhov ntsuas no uas yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm macrostate. Ib qho macrostate muaj ntau tus microstates. Yog li ntawd, ib tug macrostate yuav muaj ntau yam microstates. Hauv lwm lo lus, peb tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov kev hloov pauv hauv macrostate ntawm cov txheej txheem thermodynamic ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm microstates.
Macrostate yog dab tsi?
Macrostate yog lo lus uas piav qhia txog cov khoom macroscopic ntawm lub tshuab thermodynamic. Qhov feem ntau ntsuas macroscopic zog muaj xws li kub, siab, ntim thiab ceev. Lub macrostate yog tiag tiag loj dua microstate. Raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no, qee qhov kev hloov pauv me me, uas yog qhov hloov pauv loj hauv microstate, yuav tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv loj hauv macrostate vim qhov sib txawv loj no. Yog li, macrostates muab qhov ntsuas ntxhib ntawm qhov ntsuas kub, tsis yog cov ntsiab lus tiav nrog kev hloov pauv me ntsis.
Daim duab 01: Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Microstate thiab Macrostate hauv Flipping ib npib ob zaug
Daim duab 1 qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm microstate thiab macrostate hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm flipping ib npib ob zaug. H yog hais txog "lub taub hau" thiab "T" yog hais txog tus Tsov tus tw ntawm lub npib. Tag nrho cov microstates muaj qhov sib npaug, tab sis macrostate (H, T) yog ob npaug li qhov tshwm sim li macrostates (H, H) thiab (T, T).
Qhov txawv ntawm Microstate thiab Macrostate yog dab tsi?
Microstate thiab macrostate yog ob hom tshuaj lom neeg lub tswv yim uas siv rau cov tshuab thev naus laus zis. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm microstate thiab macrostate yog tias lo lus microstate yog hais txog kev teeb tsa microscopic ntawm lub tshuab thermodynamic, qhov macrostate yog hais txog cov khoom macroscopic ntawm lub tshuab thermodynamic.
Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov kev hloov pauv hauv macrostate ntawm qhov ntsuas cua sov ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm microstates. Piv txwv li, qhov kev hloov pauv hauv microstate tuaj yeem me me li 10 35 zaug dua li macrostate, tab sis tseem muaj cov kev hloov pauv hauv qhov ntsuas no uas yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau macrostate.
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm microstate thiab macrostate.
Summary – Microstate vs Macrostate
Microstate thiab macrostate yog ob hom tshuaj lom neeg lub tswv yim uas siv rau cov tshuab thev naus laus zis. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm microstate thiab macrostate yog tias lo lus microstate yog hais txog kev teeb tsa microscopic ntawm lub tshuab thermodynamic, qhov macrostate yog hais txog cov khoom macroscopic ntawm lub tshuab thermodynamic.
