Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm spectrochemical series thiab nephelauxetic series yog tias spectrochemical series ntawm ligands muaj zog ligands nyob rau sab laug thiab muaj zog ligands nyob rau sab xis whereas nephelauxetic series muaj ligands nrog tsawg dua peev xwm tsim covalent bonds nrog hlau ions thiab ligands nyob rau sab xis muaj peev xwm ntau dua los tsim cov ntawv cog lus covalent.
Cov spectrochemical series thiab nephelauxetic series muaj ligands thiab hlau ions teem rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim. Qhov ntsuas raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ligands thiab hlau ions txawv ntawm ib series mus rau lwm qhov.
Dab tsi yog Spectrochemical Series?
Spectrochemical series yog ib daim ntawv teev cov ligands thiab hlau ions teem raws li lub zog ligand thiab lub xeev oxidation ntawm hlau ions. Cov koob no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txheeb xyuas seb qhov kev sib koom ua ke yog kev sib tw siab lossis qis qis. Lub tswv yim hais txog spectrochemical series thawj zaug tau hloov zuj zus nyob rau xyoo 1938. Cov koob no tau tawm tswv yim raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntawm kev nqus spectra ntawm cob alt complexes.
Daim duab 01: Ib feem ntawm Spectrochemical Series
Ligands hauv koob no yog teem raws li lub zog ligand. Ntawm no, ligands nrog lub zog tsis muaj zog yog muab tso rau sab laug ntawm cov spectrochemical series thaum muaj zog ligands muab tso rau sab xis ntawm koob. Cov ligands tsis muaj zog yog hu ua ligands uas tsis tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv 3d lub zog, yog li tsim cov kev sib tw siab. Cov ligands muaj zog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv 3d lub zog thiab tsim cov kev sib koom ua ke qis qis. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov koob no yog npaj raws li tus neeg pub dawb lossis tus txais peev xwm ntawm ligands.
Ntxiv nrog rau ligands, hlau ions kuj tuaj yeem npaj rau hauv spectrochemical series. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ligand teb phua yog siv los npaj cov hlau ions. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txiav txim no yog ywj pheej ntawm tus kheej ntawm ligand. Ntxiv mus, muaj ob qhov kev soj ntsuam txog cov spectrochemical series ntawm hlau ions; tus nqi ntawm ligand teb phua nce nrog nce oxidation xeev ntawm cov hlau ions. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub ligand teb phua tus nqi nce ib pawg ntawm lub sij hawm lub sij hawm.
Nephelauxetic Series yog dab tsi?
Nephelauxetic series yog ib daim ntawv teev cov ligands lossis hlau ions uas tau npaj raws li lawv cov txiaj ntsig nephelauxetic. Lo lus no tsuas yog siv rau kev hloov pauv hlau ions. Lub sij hawm nephelauxetic hais txog qhov txo qis hauv Racah interelectronic repulsion parameter. Lub cim ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog "B", thiab nws yog ntsuas thaum hloov pauv-hlau dawb ion tsim ib qho nyuaj nrog ligands.
Ib qho kev txo qis hauv Racah qhov ntsuas qhia tsawg dua ntawm ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv d-orbitals ntawm cov hlau, thiab lub orbital loj dua hauv qhov nyuaj. Qhov no yog hu ua electron huab expansion ntawm complex, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab cov nyhuv nephelauxetic.
Thaum ligands tau teeb tsa hauv ib daim ntawv teev npe raws li ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig nephelauxetic, nws zoo ib yam li cov spectrochemical series. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev npaj no feem ntau qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm ligands los ua covalent bonds nrog hlau ions. Cov ligands nyob rau sab laug muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsawg dua ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv cog lus nrog cov hlau ion thaum cov ligands nyob rau sab xis muaj cov nyhuv ntau dua.
Qhov txawv ntawm Spectrochemical Series thiab Nephelauxetic Series yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm spectrochemical series thiab nephelauxetic series yog tias spectrochemical series ntawm ligands muaj zog ligands nyob rau sab laug thiab muaj zog ligands nyob rau sab xis whereas nephelauxetic series muaj ligands nrog me me los tsim covalent bonds nrog hlau ions thiab ligands nyob rau sab xis muaj lub peev xwm loj los tsim cov ntawv cog lus covalent.
Ntxiv mus, cov hlau ions nyob rau hauv cov spectrochemical series yog teem nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ligand teb phua nqi (los yog lub xeev oxidation) thaum cov hlau ions nyob rau hauv ib tug nephelauxetic series yog teem nyob rau hauv lub nce kev txiav txim ntawm nephelauxetic nyhuv.
Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm spectrochemical series thiab nephelauxetic series nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tabular.
Summary – Spectrochemical Series vs Nephelauxetic Series
Cov spectrochemical series thiab nephelauxetic series muaj ligands thiab hlau ions teem rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm spectrochemical series thiab nephelauxetic series yog tias spectrochemical series ntawm ligands muaj zog ligands nyob rau sab laug thiab muaj zog ligands nyob rau sab xis whereas nephelauxetic series muaj ligands uas tsis muaj peev xwm los tsim cov kev sib txuas nrog cov hlau ions thiab ligands nyob rau sab xis. muaj peev xwm ntau dua los tsim cov ntawv cog lus.
