Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm molecular thiab nws yog xim hlau hydrogen yog tias molecular hydrogen muaj cov khoom siv roj, hos nws yog xim hlau hydrogen muaj cov khoom hlau zoo ib yam li cov hlau alkali.
Hydrogen yog thawj cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim hauv lub xeev gaseous li dihydrogen molecule. Hauv lub xeev no, hydrogen yog lub npe hu ua molecular hydrogen vim nws nyob hauv daim ntawv molecular. Ntxiv rau lub xeev gaseous, hydrogen tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov kua hauv lub xeev, lub xeev khov, lub xeev slush, thiab hauv lub xeev hlau.
Molecular Hydrogen yog dab tsi?
Lo lus molecular hydrogen yog hais txog lub xeev dihydrogen gas. Nws yog lub xeev tshwm sim ntawm hydrogen. Cov tshuaj formula ntawm molecular hydrogen yog H 2 thiab muaj ob lub hydrogen atoms sib koom ua ke rau ib qho kev sib cog lus ntawm lawv. Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm hom tshuaj no yog 2.01 g / mol.
Thaum xav txog cov khoom ntawm molecular hydrogen, nws yog xim tsis muaj ntxhiab, tsis muaj ntxhiab, tsis qab, tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab kub kub heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib hom nonmetallic ntawm hydrogen. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj hydrogen tau yooj yim tsim cov ntawv cog lus nrog lwm cov tshuaj nonmetallic, thiab lawv tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv hlau. Yog li ntawd, hydrogen nyob rau hauv tej molecule tuaj yeem hu ua molecular hydrogen.
Daim duab 01: Oxidation ntawm Molecular Hydrogen
Hydrogen gas ib txwm tshwm sim hauv peb cov huab cua (tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov huab cua sab saud) tab sis nyob rau hauv cov kab ntau heev. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tuaj yeem tsim cov roj hydrogen artificially los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hlau uas hloov cov roj hydrogen raws li cov khoom lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam, cov roj hydrogen feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov nkev ntuj. Tsawg zaus, nws kuj yog tsim los ntawm electrolysis ntawm dej.
Hydrogen gas yog cov nplaim taws heev. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov pa oxygen, ua dej thiab cua sov. Ntshiab oxygen-hydrogen nplaim taws radiates UV teeb. Ntxiv mus, hydrogen gas tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog yuav luag txhua yam khoom oxidizing. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov roj chlorine ib txwm muaj thiab ua nruj ua tsiv ntawm chav tsev kub, tsim hydrogen chloride.
Metallic Hydrogen yog dab tsi?
Metallic hydrogen yog ib theem ntawm hydrogen uas muaj cov khoom ntawm cov hlau raug. Yog li ntawd, hom hydrogen no tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lub tswv yim hais txog metallic hydrogen thawj zaug tuaj rau theem hauv xyoo 1935 tom qab Eugene Wigner thiab Hillard Bell Huntington uas tau kwv yees lub tswv yim ntawm cov hlau hydrogen ntawm keeb kwm theoretical.
Daim duab 02: Metallic Hydrogen hauv Jupiter
Thaum xav txog cov khoom ntawm cov hlau hydrogen, nws tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv cov kua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Ntawm no, lub siab yuav tsum muaj ntau tshaj 25 Gpa, qhov twg muaj ib tug tej theem uas muaj ib tug lattice ntawm protons thiab delocalized electrons. Raws li cov kev xav ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, cov hlau hydrogen tshwm sim nyob rau sab hauv ntawm cov ntiaj chaw xws li Jupiter thiab Saturn. Ntxiv mus, kua metallic hydrogen kuj yog ib lub xeev ua tau raws li kev xav. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau xav tias nws yog xim hlau hydrogen muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob superconductivity.
Qhov txawv ntawm Molecular thiab Metallic Hydrogen yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm molecular thiab metallic hydrogen yog tias molecular hydrogen muaj cov khoom siv roj, hos nws yog xim hlau hydrogen muaj cov khoom hlau zoo ib yam li cov hlau alkali. Ntxiv mus, molecular hydrogen yog tsim los ntawm dihydrogen molecules thaum nws yog xim hlau hydrogen yog ua los ntawm proton lattice thiab delocalized electrons.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm molecular thiab metallic hydrogen yog qhov molecular hydrogen tshwm sim hauv lub xeev gaseous thaum nws yog xim hlau hydrogen tshwm sim hauv lub xeev hlau.
Summary – Molecular vs Metallic Hydrogen
Molecular hydrogen feem ntau tshwm sim hauv lub xeev gaseous. Lwm yam tshaj li lub xeev gaseous, hydrogen tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lub xeev ua kua, lub xeev khov, lub xeev slush, thiab hauv lub xeev hlau. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm molecular thiab metallic hydrogen yog tias molecular hydrogen muaj gaseous zog, whereas metallic hydrogen muaj cov khoom hlau zoo ib yam li cov hlau alkali.
