Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes thiab tus neeg sawv cev chaotropic yog cov tshuaj ntxuav tes tuaj yeem ua kom cov protein ntau los ntawm cov dej solubilizing hydrophobic pawg, thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm chaotropic tuaj yeem ua rau cov protein ntau los ntawm cov nyhuv hydrophobic tsis muaj zog.
Detergents yog surfactants. Cov tshuaj no muaj cov khoom ua kom huv. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tebchaw no yog los tsim cov protein sib txuas. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov tshuaj uas tsis yog tshuaj ntxuav tes uas tuaj yeem tsim cov proteins. Cov tshuaj Chaotropic yog cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj ntxuav tes.
Dab tsi yog Detergent?
Detergents yog cov tshuaj surfactant uas muaj cov khoom ua kom huv. Thiab, cov tebchaw no tuaj yeem yog ib qho surfactants lossis sib xyaw ntawm surfactants. Lawv yog siv raws li dilute daws. Feem ntau, detergents poob rau hauv qeb ntawm aylbenzenesulfonates. Lawv zoo ib yam li xab npum tab sis txawv ntawm xab npum vim lawv muaj ntau dua soluble hauv cov dej tawv vim muaj cov polar sulfonate pawg.
Daim duab 01: Ntau hom tshuaj ntxuav tes
Ntxiv mus, muaj peb hom tshuaj ntxuav tes loj xws li cationic, anionic thiab non-ionic detergents. Cationic detergents yog ib hom ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm saum npoo av uas muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm zoo hauv lub taub hau ntawm cov molecule. Feem ntau ntawm cov surfactants no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog vim tias lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov cell membranes ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob. Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tshaj plaws uas peb tuaj yeem pom hauv cov molecules yog ammonium ion.
Anionic detergents yog ib hom ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm saum npoo av uas muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv lub taub hau ntawm cov molecule. Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm zoo li no suav nrog sulfonate, phosphate, sulfate thiab carboxylates. Cov no yog cov surfactants feem ntau peb siv. Piv txwv li, xab npum muaj alkyl carboxylates.
Non-ionic detergents yog ib hom ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm saum npoo av uas tsis muaj cov nqi hluav taws xob hauv lawv cov qauv. Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias cov molecule tsis muaj ionization thaum peb yaj nws hauv dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj covalently bonded oxygen-muaj hydrophilic pawg. Cov pawg hydrophilic no khi nrog cov qauv niam txiv hydrophobic thaum cov surfactant ntxiv rau cov qauv. Cov pa oxygen atoms hauv cov tebchaw no tuaj yeem ua rau hydrogen bonding ntawm surfactant molecules.
Tus Neeg Saib Xyuas Chaotropic yog dab tsi?
Chaotropic cov neeg ua haujlwm yog cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov tshuaj aqueous uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov hydrogen bond network ntawm cov dej molecules. Qhov no yog hu ua chaotropic kev ua si. Qhov kev puas tsuaj no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub xeev ntawm macromolecules, xws li cov proteins thiab nucleic acids. Chaotropic cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua rau cov proteins tsis muaj zog los ntawm kev ua kom cov nyhuv hydrophobic ntawm cov protein. Piv txwv li, cov neeg ua haujlwm chaotropic tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov protein molecules, uas ua rau cov protein denaturation.
Daim duab 02: Ib Lub raj mis ntawm Ethanol
Qee yam piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj chaotropic suav nrog ethanol, n-butanol, guanidinium chloride, lithium perchlorate, lithium acetate, magnesium chloride, phenol, 2-propanol, thiourea, thiab urea. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm denaturation nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj no yuav txawv ntawm ib leeg nyob ntawm lawv cov qauv tshuaj; e.g. ethanol tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov tsis-covalent bonds ntawm cov protein thiab nucleic acids.
Qhov txawv ntawm Detergent thiab Chaotropic Agent yog dab tsi?
Detergents yog cov tshuaj surfactant uas muaj cov khoom ua kom huv. Chaotropic cov neeg ua haujlwm yog cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov tshuaj aqueous uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov hydrogen bond network ntawm cov dej molecules. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes thiab tus neeg saib xyuas chaotropic yog cov tshuaj ntxuav tes tuaj yeem ua rau cov protein ntau los ntawm solubilizing hydrophobic pawg, thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm chaotropic tuaj yeem ua rau cov proteins uas tsis muaj zog hydrophobic.
Cov hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes thiab tus neeg sawv cev chaotropic.
Summary – Detergent vs Chaotropic Agent
Cov tshuaj ntxuav tes thiab cov tshuaj tsis huv, cov tshuaj chaotropic tseem ceeb ua cov tshuaj ntxuav. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes thiab tus neeg saib xyuas chaotropic yog cov tshuaj ntxuav tes tuaj yeem ua rau cov protein ntau los ntawm solubilizing hydrophobic pawg, thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm chaotropic tuaj yeem ua rau cov proteins uas tsis muaj zog hydrophobic.
