Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cyclotron thiab betatron yog tias cyclotron siv txoj hauv kev kauv, qhov betatron siv txoj hauv kev ncig kom nrawm cov khoom siv.
Cyclotron thiab betatron yog ob hom particle accelerators. Cyclotron yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm cov accelerator, thaum betatron yog niaj hnub piv rau nws. Ob lub tshuab no siv cov teb sib nqus thiab hluav taws xob rau kev nrawm.
Cyclotron yog dab tsi?
Cyclotron yog ib hom particle accelerator uas yog siv los ua kom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrawm siv txoj kev kauv. Cov cuab yeej no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev them nyiaj atomic lossis subatomic hais. Tus tsim ntawm cov cuab yeej no yog Ernest Orlando Lawrence.
Thaum xav txog kev tsim ntawm cyclotron, nws muaj ob lub hollow semicircular (kauv) electrodes. Cov electrodes no hu ua dees. Thiab, ob lub electrodes no tau mounted rov qab los thiab muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw khiav tawm ntawm tus ncej ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
Thaum xav txog txoj kev ua haujlwm, nws muaj qhov hluav taws xob uas hloov pauv hauv nws qhov polarity. Cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau ua kom nrawm yog tsim nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cuab yeej. Ntawm no, hluav taws xob teb propels cov hais mus rau hauv dees. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib qho chaw sib nqus uas coj cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev semicircular. Nrog rau lub sijhawm, cov khoom tau nrawm nrawm ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov.
Daim duab 01: Txoj Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cyclotron
Txawm li cas los xij, cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem ua kom cov protons nrog lub zog tsawg dua 25 lab eV. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho kev txwv loj rau cov cuab yeej no. Yuav kom kov yeej qhov kev txwv no, peb tuaj yeem sib txawv qhov zaus ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob txaus siab rau cov dees. Tom qab ntawd lub cuab yeej hu ua synchrocyclotron.
Betatron yog dab tsi?
Betatron yog ib hom particle accelerator uas tau hloov kho feem ntau kom ceev cov beta particles lossis electrons. Cov cuab yeej no siv lub teb hluav taws xob thiab ib qho chaw sib nqus rau kev nrawm. Cov khoom yog nrawm nrawm rau hauv lub voj voog ncig.
Daim duab 02: A Betatron
Thaum xav txog cov qauv ntawm betatron, nws muaj lub raj xa tawm. Lub raj no yog tsim rau hauv ib lub voj voog, thiab nws yog embedded nyob rau hauv ib tug electromagnet. Lub windings ntawm electromagnet yog parallel mus rau lub voj voog. Ntawm no, alternating hluav taws xob tam sim no nyhav tsim ib tug sib txawv magnetic teb uas ib ntus reverses nyob rau hauv kev coj. Lub electron acceleration yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ob lub zog: quab yuam ua nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov lus tsa suab thiab quab yuam ua nyob rau hauv txoj cai kaum rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov lus tsa suab. Ob lub zog no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj txoj kev ncig ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub voj.
Qhov txawv ntawm Cyclotron thiab Betatron yog dab tsi?
Cyclotron yog ib hom particle accelerator uas yog siv los ua kom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrawm siv txoj kev kauv. Betatron yog ib hom particle accelerator uas yog hloov feem ntau kom ceev beta hais los yog electrons. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cyclotron thiab betatron yog tias cyclotron siv txoj kev kauv, qhov betatron siv txoj hauv kev ncig rau kev nrawm electrons.
Ntxiv mus, lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm cyclotron thiab betatron yog tias cyclotron muaj ob lub electrodes hu ua dees mounted rov qab thaum betatron muaj ib lub raj khiav tawm uas tau ua rau hauv lub voj voog thiab lub voj no tau muab tso rau hauv electromagnet. Thaum xav txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, hauv cyclotron, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau nrawm nrawm los ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov vim muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob thiab cov hlau nplaum. Nyob rau hauv betatron, cov electrons yog nrawm vim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ob lub zog: quab yuam ua nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov lus tsa suab thiab quab yuam ua nyob rau hauv txoj cai kaum mus rau kev taw qhia.
Hauv qab infographic qhia ntau qhov kev sib piv ntsig txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cyclotron thiab betatro.
Summary – Cyclotron vs Betatron
Cyclotron thiab betatron yog ob hom particle accelerators. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cyclotron thiab betatron yog tias cyclotron siv txoj hauv kev kauv, qhov betatron siv txoj hauv kev ncig kom nrawm cov khoom siv.
