YDisaccharide vs Monosaccharide
Carbohydrates yog ib pawg ntawm cov tebchaw uas txhais tau tias "polyhydroxy aldehydes thiab ketones lossis cov khoom siv hydrolyze kom tawm los polyhydroxy aldehydes thiab ketones." Carbohydrates yog hom ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov organic molecules hauv ntiaj teb. Lawv yog lub hauv paus ntawm chemical zog rau cov kab mob nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, lawv ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Carbohydrates yog synthesized hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab qee cov kab mob los ntawm photosynthesis. Carbohydrates tau txais nws lub npe vim nws muaj cov qauv Cx(H2O)x, thiab qhov no zoo li hydrates ntawm carbon. Carbohydrate tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb yam xws li monosaccharides, disaccharides thiab polysaccharides. Disaccharides thiab monosaccharides yog yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv dej, thiab lawv yog qab zib nyob rau hauv saj. Lawv tuaj yeem ua crystallized. Zoo li muaj qee qhov sib xws ntawm ob qho no, muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ib yam nkaus.
Monosaccharide
Monosaccharides yog hom carbohydrate yooj yim tshaj plaws. Monosaccharide muaj cov qauv ntawm Cx(H2O)x Cov no tsis tuaj yeem hydrolyzed rau hauv cov carbohydrates yooj yim. Lawv qab zib hauv saj. Tag nrho cov monosaccharides txo cov suab thaj. Yog li, lawv muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo nrog cov txiaj ntsig 'lossis Fehling's reagents. Monosaccharides raug cais raws li,
- Tus naj npawb ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms nyob hauv cov molecule
- Txawm tias lawv muaj aldehyde lossis keto pawg
Yog li ntawd, ib qho monosaccharide nrog rau 6 carbon atoms hu ua hexose. Yog hais tias muaj tsib carbon atoms, ces nws yog ib tug pentose. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias cov monosaccharide muaj ib pawg aldehyde, nws hu ua aldose. Ib qho monosaccharide nrog pawg keto hu ua ketose. Ntawm cov no, cov monosaccharides yooj yim tshaj plaws yog glyceraldehyde (ib qho aldotriose) thiab dihydroxyacetone (ib ketotriose). Glucose yog lwm qhov piv txwv rau monosaccharide. Rau monosaccharides, peb tuaj yeem kos ib kab lossis ib lub voj voog. Hauv kev daws, feem ntau ntawm cov molecules yog nyob rau hauv cov qauv cyclic. Piv txwv li, thaum lub cyclic qauv tsim nyob rau hauv qabzib, lub -OH ntawm carbon 5 yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv lub ether linkage mus kaw lub nplhaib nrog carbon 1. Qhov no tsim ib tug rau lub nplhaib qauv. Lub nplhaib tseem hu ua lub nplhaib hemiacetal, vim muaj cov pa roj carbon uas muaj ob qho tib si ether oxygen thiab ib pawg cawv.
YDisaccharide
Disaccharide yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lub monosaccharides. Thaum ob lub monosaccharides koom ua ke, ib qho ester daim ntawv cog lus yog tsim los ntawm ob pawg -OH. Feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim ntawm 1st thiab 4th -OH pawg hauv ob pawg monosaccharides. Daim ntawv cog lus tsim los ntawm ob lub monomers hu ua glycosidic daim ntawv cog lus. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, ib qho dej molecule raug tshem tawm. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog ib tug condensation tshuaj. Qee zaum, ob qho tib si monomers hauv ib qho disaccharide yog tib yam thiab qee zaum lawv txawv. Piv txwv li, los tsim m altose, ob lub qabzib molecules koom nrog. Fructose yog tsim los ntawm condensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov piam thaj thiab fructose whereas; lactose yog tsim los ntawm cov piam thaj thiab galactose. Disaccharides kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Piv txwv li, sucrose muaj nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Disaccharides tuaj yeem hydrolyzed thiab tsim cov monomers cuam tshuam rov qab. Lawv yog cov qab zib hauv saj thiab tuaj yeem crystallized. Feem ntau ntawm cov disaccharides tuaj yeem hydrolyzed tsuas yog sucrose.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Monosaccharide thiab Disaccharide?
• Monosaccharides yog cov carbohydrates yooj yim tshaj plaws.
• Disaccharides yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm monosaccharides.
• Monosaccharides muaj qhov hnyav dua molecular dua li disaccharides.
• Disaccharides tuaj yeem hydrolyzed whereas monosaccharides tsis tuaj yeem.
• Tag nrho cov monosaccharides txo cov suab thaj. Tab sis tag nrho cov disaccharides tsis yog.
