YDisaccharide vs Polysaccharide
Carbohydrates yog ib pawg ntawm cov tebchaw, uas txhais tau tias "polyhydroxy aldehydes thiab ketones lossis cov khoom siv hydrolyze kom tawm los polyhydroxy aldehydes thiab ketones." Carbohydrates yog hom ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov organic molecules hauv ntiaj teb. Lawv yog lub hauv paus ntawm chemical zog rau cov kab mob nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, lawv ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Carbohydrates yog synthesized hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab qee cov kab mob los ntawm photosynthesis. Carbohydrates tau txais nws lub npe vim nws muaj cov qauv Cx(H2O)x, thiab qhov no zoo li hydrates ntawm carbon. Carbohydrate tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb yam xws li monosaccharides, disaccharides thiab polysaccharides. Monosaccharides yog hom carbohydrate yooj yim tshaj plaws.
YDisaccharide
Disaccharide yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lub monosaccharides. Thaum ob lub monosaccharides koom ua ke, ib qho ester daim ntawv cog lus yog tsim los ntawm ob pawg -OH. Feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim ntawm 1st thiab 4th -OH pawg hauv ob monosaccharides. Daim ntawv cog lus tsim los ntawm ob lub monomers hu ua glycosidic daim ntawv cog lus. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, ib qho dej molecule raug tshem tawm. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog ib tug condensation tshuaj. Qee zaum, ob qho tib si monomers hauv ib qho disaccharide yog tib yam thiab qee zaum lawv txawv. Piv txwv li, los tsim m altose, ob lub qabzib molecules koom nrog. Fructose yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov piam thaj thiab fructose, thaum lactose yog tsim los ntawm cov piam thaj thiab galactose. Disaccharides kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Piv txwv li, sucrose muaj nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Thiab lactose muaj nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj. Disaccharides tuaj yeem hydrolyzed thiab tsim cov monomers cuam tshuam rov qab. Lawv yog cov qab zib hauv saj thiab tuaj yeem crystallized. Feem ntau ntawm cov disaccharides tuaj yeem hydrolyzed tsuas yog sucrose.
YPolysaccharide
Thaum kaum lossis ntau dua ntawm cov monosaccharides koom nrog glycosidic bonds, lawv hu ua polysaccharides. Lawv tseem hu ua glycans. Muaj cov tshuaj formula yog Cx(H2O)y Polysaccharides yog polymers thiab, yog li ntawd, muaj qhov loj dua. molecular hnyav, feem ntau ntau tshaj 10000. Monosaccharide yog lub monomer ntawm no polymer. Muaj peev xwm muaj polysaccharides ua los ntawm ib qho monosaccharide thiab cov no hu ua homopolysaccharides. Cov no tuaj yeem raug cais raws li hom monosaccharide. Piv txwv li, yog tias monosaccharide yog piam thaj, ces chav tsev monomeric hu ua glucan. Polysaccharides ua los ntawm ntau tshaj ib hom monosaccharide hu ua heteropolysaccharides. Polysaccharides tuaj yeem yog liners molecules nrog 1, 4-glycosidc bonds. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem tsim cov kab molecules. Ntawm cov ntsiab lus ceg, 1, 6- glycosdic bonds tau tsim. Muaj ntau hom polysaccharides. Starch, cellulose, thiab glycogen yog qee yam ntawm polysaccharides peb paub. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab muaj ntau hauv peb cov khoom noj. Glycogen yog qhov khaws cia polysaccharide hauv peb lub cev. Polysaccharides tsis muaj qab zib. Ib txhia yog ib nrab soluble nyob rau hauv dej, hos ib txhia yog insoluble. Zoo li disaccharides, polysaccharides tuaj yeem ua hydrolyzed.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Disaccharide thiab Polysaccharide?
• Disaccharides tsuas muaj ob leeg koom nrog monomers, hos polysaccharides muaj ntau tus monomers koom.
• Yog li ntawd, polysaccharides muaj qhov hnyav dua molecular piv rau disaccharides.
• Disaccharides qab zib, tab sis tsis yog polysaccharides.
• Disaccharides soluble hauv dej, whereas polysaccharides insoluble los yog ib nrab soluble.
