Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm monosaccharide thiab polysaccharide yog tias monosaccharide yog ib tus neeg cov suab thaj molecules whereas polysaccharide yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau cov suab thaj molecules.
Saccharides yog suab thaj. Saccharides yog nyob rau hauv plaub hom loj xws li monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides thiab polysaccharides raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov piam thaj molecules tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub saccharide compound.
Monosaccharide yog dab tsi?
Monosaccharides yog cov suab thaj yooj yim molecules uas yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm carbohydrates. Yog li, lawv yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm carbohydrates (oligosaccharides thiab polysaccharides). Cov suab thaj yooj yim no muaj cov qauv dav dav ntawm CnH2nOn Cov no yog cov tsev thaiv ntawm polysaccharides. Ntxiv mus, peb tsis tuaj yeem tau txais cov molecules yooj yim dua los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm monosaccharides.
Monosaccharides muaj cov chav kawm sib txawv raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms tam sim no hauv cov molecule. Piv txwv li, triose (3), tetrose (4), pentose (5), hexose (6) thiab heptose (7). Monosaccharides muaj cov haujlwm sib txawv hauv cov hlwb. Ua ntej, monosaccharides muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tsim thiab khaws cia lub zog hauv hlwb. Thib ob, monosaccharides muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev tsim cov fibers ntev xws li cellulose.
Daim duab 01: Tus Qauv ntawm Ketose
Thaum xav txog cov qauv monosaccharide, muaj ib pawg carbonyl (ib qho carbon atom bonds nrog oxygen atom ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus) thiab ib pawg hydroxyl (-OH pawg). Dua li ntawm ob pawg no, tag nrho lwm cov pa roj carbon atom muaj hydrogen atom thiab ib pawg hydroxyl sib txuas rau lawv. Yog tias pawg carbonyl tshwm sim ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov saw hlau ntawm cov monosaccharide, ces nws yog aldose. Tab sis yog tias nws nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov saw hlau, ces nws yog ketose.
YPolysaccharide yog dab tsi
Polysaccharides yog macromolecular carbohydrates uas tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau cov suab thaj yooj yim nrog ib leeg ntawm glycosidic bonds. Nws yog daim ntawv uas feem ntau ntawm cov carbohydrates tseem ceeb tshwm sim. Muaj ob daim ntawv ntawm cov qauv linear lossis cov qauv branched. Cov qauv linear tuaj yeem ntim nrog ib leeg los tsim cov qauv carbohydrate nruj tab sis cov ntaub ntawv ceg tsis ntim nruj.
Daim duab 02: Ib ceg ntoo polysaccharide
Cov mis mos ntawm polysaccharide yog Cx(H2O)y nyob rau hauv uas x yog tus lej loj ntawm 200 txog 2500. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li txoj cai dav dav, cov tebchaw no muaj ntau tshaj kaum lub suab thaj yooj yim. Cov piv txwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov macromolecules no suav nrog cellulose thiab starch hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab glycogen hauv cov tsiaj.
Qhov txawv ntawm Monosaccharide thiab Polysaccharide yog dab tsi?
Monosaccharide vs Polysaccharide |
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| Yooj yim qab zib molecules uas yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm carbohydrates | Macromolecular carbohydrates tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau cov piam thaj yooj yim nrog ib leeg ntawm glycosidic bonds |
| tshuaj formula | |
| Cov mis mos ntawm monosaccharides yog CnH2nOn qhov n yog ib me me, tag nrho tus lej. | Cov mis mos ntawm polysaccharides yog Cx(H2O)y uas x yog ib tug loj ntawm 200 mus rau 2500. |
| Ntau tus Monomers | |
| Ib molecules | Muaj ntau cov molecules |
| Ring Structures | |
| Muaj ib lub nplhaib qauv hauv lawv cov qauv tshuaj | Muaj qee lub nplhaib hauv lawv cov qauv tshuaj |
| Nature | |
| Monomers | YPolymers |
| Siab | |
| Tasteless | |
| Txo muaj zog | |
| Txo cov suab thaj | Tsis txo qab zib |
Summary – Monosaccharide vs Polysaccharide
Saccharides yog suab thaj. Monosaccharides yog cov suab thaj yooj yim uas tsim cov qauv ntawm cov carbohydrates. Qhov txawv ntawm monosaccharide thiab polysaccharide yog tias monosaccharide yog ib tus neeg cov piam thaj molecule whereas polysaccharide yog ib tug ua ke ntawm ob peb qab zib molecules.
