Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Vertical vs Kab rov tav Gene Hloov
Gene hloov yog hais txog cov txheej txheem uas hloov lossis pauv cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm cov kab mob. DNA uas dais cov noob ua haujlwm tau sib pauv ntawm cov kab mob ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lawv cov genomic muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob hom npe hu ua ntsug gene hloov thiab kab rov tav hloov cov noob. Kab rov tav hloov cov noob yog hais txog cov txheej txheem uas cov khoom siv caj ces raug xa mus ntawm cov tib neeg tsis sib xws. Vertical gene hloov yog hais txog cov txheej txheem uas cov noob hloov ntawm niam txiv mus rau lawv cov xeeb ntxwv. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kab ntsug thiab kab rov tav hloov pauv. Vertical gene hloov yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob thaum kab rov tav hloov cov noob yog tsawg dua.
Vertical Gene Transfer yog dab tsi?
Vertical gene hloov yog ib txoj hauv kev hloov cov noob ntawm niam txiv mus rau lawv cov xeeb ntxwv. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib deev los yog kev yug me nyuam asexual los yog cov tswv yim dag. Cov txheej txheem no yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke uas tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob ntsig txog. Genomes tau dhau los ntawm ib tiam mus rau tiam tom ntej tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kab ntsug hloov mus rau hauv cov kab mob nyob ib txwm muaj. Hauv cov kev pabcuam cog qoob loo, kev hloov cov noob ntsug yog lub hom phiaj ua kom hloov cov noob tseem ceeb rau F1 tiam. Ob tsob nroj tau hla kev sib deev kom sib xyaw lawv cov noob thiab dhau mus rau tiam tom ntej. Los ntawm kev ua li no, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv cov xeeb ntxwv uas tso cai rau kev ncig mus rau tiam tom ntej.
Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob, feem ntau asexual reproduction txoj kev yog binary fission. Binary fission ua rau ob lub hlwb zoo ib yam. Nws yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm txoj kev hloov cov kab mob ntsug ntawm cov kab mob. Hauv tib neeg, tus kab mob hu ua AIDS yog kis los ntawm niam txiv mus rau tus me nyuam vim kev hloov cov noob caj dab.
Daim duab 01: Vertical gene hloov ntawm cov kab mob thaum lub sij hawm binary fission
Kab rov tav Gene Transfer yog dab tsi?
Kab rov tav hloov cov noob yog ib txoj hauv kev uas cov khoom siv caj ces raug xa mus ntawm cov kab mob uas tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam. Nws tseem hu ua lateral gene transfer. Nws tshwm sim ntawm txawv genomes xws li ntawm ntau hom. Cov kab mob kis tau cov yam ntxwv sib txawv los ntawm kev hloov cov noob. Kab rov tav hloov pauv yog txawv ntawm cov noob hloov ntawm niam txiv mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv.
Kab rov tav hloov pauv hloov pauv tau yooj yim vim muaj ntau hom DNA muaj los ntawm cov kab mob. Lawv feem ntau yog cov noob caj noob ces xws li transposons (hloov noob), plasmids (tsis yog chromosomal ncig DNA), thiab bacteriophages (cov kab mob kis kab mob). Nws tshwm sim los ntawm ntau lub tshuab raws li hauv qab no.
Kab rov tav Gene Transfer Mechanisms
Kev hloov pauv
Prokaryotes tuaj yeem nqa DNA dawb hauv daim ntawv plasmids tshwj xeeb.
Bacterial Conjugation
Ib hom kev sib deev kev sib deev uas tshwm sim ntawm ob lub hlwb txuas ib ntus. Thaum lub sij hawm conjugation, F plasmids raug pauv los ntawm tus neeg pub dawb mus rau tus neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig uas ua rau cov khoom siv caj ces hloov ntawm ob lub cev raws li qhia hauv daim duab 02. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov cov noob kab rov tav.
Kev hloov pauv
Bacteriophage muaj peev xwm txhaj nws cov DNA rau hauv cov kab mob thaum kis tau, uas ua rau cov noob hloov ntawm ob tus kab mob thaum kis tus kab mob thib ob. Qhov no tshwm sim ntawm ob txheej txheem hu ua generalized thiab tshwj xeeb transduction.
Kev Siv Kab Rov Tav Hloov Hloov
Kab rov tav hloov cov noob yog siv nyob rau hauv genetic engineering. Cov DNA txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem muab rov ua dua lossis muab tso rau hauv genome ntawm cov neeg tau txais cov kab mob hauv kab rov tav hloov pauv. Nws tso cai rau cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig kom tau txais cov yam ntxwv tshiab tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob thiab muaj sia nyob. Kab rov tav hloov cov noob yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv ntawm ob qho tib si prokaryotes thiab eukaryotes. Cov cwj pwm zoo yog lim los ntawm kev xaiv ntuj thiab pab txhawb rau kev hloov pauv. Qee cov kab mob tau txais cov noob uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv los ntawm kev hloov cov noob kab rov tav. Piv txwv li, tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm cov kab mob yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov cov noob kab rov tav.
Kab rov tav hloov cov noob yog qhov nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov se uas muaj feem cuam tshuam ntau dua li ntau hom sib txawv. Nws kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob uas nyob hauv tib lub microenvironment.
Daim duab 02: Kab rov tav hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob thaum sib txuas
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Vertical thiab Horizontal Gene Transfer?
Vertical vs Kab rov tav Gene Hloov |
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| Vertical gene hloov yog hais txog cov txheej txheem uas hloov cov khoom siv caj ces los ntawm niam txiv mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv los ntawm kev yug me nyuam. | Kab rov tav hloov pauv yog hais txog cov txheej txheem uas hloov cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm cov kab mob tsis sib xws. |
| Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm kev sib deev, asexual lossis txhais tau tias dag. | Kev hloov pauv, hloov pauv thiab cov kab mob sib txuas yog cov txheej txheem koom nrog hauv kab rov tav hloov pauv. |
| Nws yog ib qho txheej txheem. | Nws yog txheej txheem tsawg dua. |
| Dependency on Mobile DNA | |
| Nws tsis yog nyob ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. | Nws tuaj yeem ua tau vim muaj cov DNA mobile xws li transposons, plasmids, bacteriophages. |
Summary – Vertical vs Horizontal Gene Transfer
Kev hloov pauv noob caj ces tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm cov tib neeg cuam tshuam thiab tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam. Muaj ob yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov noob hloov npe hu ua ntsug thiab kab rov tav. Vertical gene kis tau los ntawm niam txiv mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv. Thaum yug me nyuam los yog cog ntoo hla, cov noob tau pauv los ntawm niam txiv mus rau progeny. Kab rov tav hloov cov noob tshwm sim ntawm ntau hom uas tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li kev hloov pauv cov noob. Txawm li cas los xij vim yog cov DNA mobile xws li plasmids, dhia cov noob thiab cov kab mob bacteriophages, cov noob pauv ntawm cov kab mob kab rov tav los ntawm kev sib txuas, hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv. Kab rov tav hloov mus rau noob yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob thiab archaea tshaj eukaryotes. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj kab ntsug thiab kab rov tav hloov pauv.
