Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas thiab retrosynthesis yog qhov kev sib txuas yog kev tsim kho ntawm cov organic tebchaw, whereas rerosynthesis yog cov txheej txheem daws teeb meem txog cov organic synthesis.
Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus synthesis thiab retrosynthesis suab zoo ib yam, lawv yog ob lo lus sib txawv uas qhia ob lub ntsiab lus sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv ib yam; retrosynthesis tsuas yog piav qhia txog kev sib txuas. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb tab tom siv lo lus synthesis los piav txog cov ceg tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj synthesis uas koom nrog cov organic synthesis. Kev tsim khoom ntawm ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem muaj txoj hauv kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib txuas thiab peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txoj kev tsim nyog los ntawm kev sib piv txhua txoj hauv kev siv retrosynthesis.
Dab tsi yog Synthesis?
Synthesis yog kev tsim kho cov organic tebchaw. Nws yog ib ceg ntawm chemical synthesis uas yog hais txog cov organic synthesis. Feem ntau, cov organic compounds yog complex tshaj inorganic compounds. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem synthesis ntawm cov organic tebchaw kuj nyuaj. Ob peb qhov sib txawv ntawm cov organic synthesis suav nrog tag nrho cov synthesis, semisynthesis, methodology, stereoselective synthesis, thiab lwm yam.
Daim duab 01: Txoj Kev sib txawv rau kev sib xyaw ntawm tib yam khoom
Lub sij hawm tag nrho cov synthesis yog hais txog kev ua tiav ntawm cov organic tebchaw. Ntawm no, cov ntaub ntawv pib yog yooj yim thiab natural precursors los yog petrochemical compounds. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev uas peb tuaj yeem siv kom tau txais tag nrho cov kev sib txuas: linear synthesis mus kom ze thiab kev sib koom ua ke sib txuas. Nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke, peb tuaj yeem siv cov kauj ruam ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ib qho tom qab, los ua kom cov tshuaj lom neeg xav tau. Convergent synthesis mus kom ze koom nrog tus neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom sib cais thiab ua ke thaum kawg kom tau txais cov khoom xav tau.
Retrosynthesis yog dab tsi?
Retrosynthesis yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev daws teeb meem txog cov organic synthesis. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, peb hloov lub hom phiaj molecule rau hauv yooj yim precursor molecules, tsis xav txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los yog cov reagents siv thaum lub sij hawm no transformation. Tom qab ntawd, peb yuav tsum tshuaj xyuas txhua qhov ua ntej molecule siv tib txoj kev. Peb yuav tsum ua qhov no kom txog rau thaum peb mus txog qhov yooj yim dua, cov khoom lag luam muaj cov khoom lag luam ua ntej. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem synthesis muaj ntau tshaj ib txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim cov khoom xav tau. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, retrosynthesis yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov kev sib txawv no thiab muab piv rau lawv los txiav txim qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev thiab zoo.
Daim duab 02: Daim Ntawv Thov Synthon
Hauv cov txheej txheem no, muaj cov ntsiab lus sib txawv; peb yuav tsum paub cov lus txhais. Retron hais txog cov tshuaj yooj yim tshaj plaws uas tso cai rau kev hloov pauv tau hais los saum toj no. Ib tsob ntoo retrosynthetic yog daim duab qhia txhua txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sib txuas. Synthon yog qhov sib xyaw uas tuaj yeem pab hloov pauv, thaum lub hom phiaj yog qhov xav tau kawg cov khoom lag luam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Synthesis thiab Retrosynthesis yog dab tsi?
Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus synthesis thiab retrosynthesis suab zoo ib yam, lawv yog ob lo lus sib txawv uas qhia ob lub ntsiab lus sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab retrosynthesis yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog kev tsim cov organic tebchaw. Tab sis, retrosynthesis yog cov txheej txheem daws teeb meem txog cov organic synthesis. Yog li ntawd, lub sij hawm synthesis yog hais txog kev tsim cov khoom uas xav tau, thaum lub sij hawm retrosynthesis hais txog kev txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Nws tuaj yeem muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw. Ntawm no, peb tuaj yeem siv retrosynthesis rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm txoj kev tsim nyog thiab siv tau zoo tshaj plaws.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib txuas thiab rov ua kom rov qab.
Summary – Synthesis vs Retrosynthesis
Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus synthesis thiab retrosynthesis suab zoo ib yam, lawv yog ob lo lus sib txawv uas qhia ob lub ntsiab lus sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab retrosynthesis yog qhov kev sib txuas yog kev tsim kho ntawm cov organic tebchaw whereas retrosynthesis yog cov txheej txheem daws teeb meem txog cov organic synthesis. Nyob ntawd, synthesis txhais tau tias cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thaum retrosynthesis txhais tau hais tias kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias; kev tsim khoom ntawm ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem muaj txoj hauv kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib txuas thiab peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txoj kev tsim nyog los ntawm kev sib piv txhua txoj hauv kev siv retrosynthesis.
