Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kev txhais lus hauv DNA yog qhov kev hloov pauv yog kev tsim tawm ntawm mRNA ib ntus uas muaj cov noob caj noob ces encoded nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem coding ntawm cov noob thaum txhais lus yog tsim cov protein ua haujlwm siv cov noob caj noob ces. encoded hauv mRNA sequence.
Gene kev qhia yog txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov protein ua haujlwm siv cov ntaub ntawv caj ces zais hauv cov noob. Nws tshwm sim ntawm ob qhov xwm txheej loj: kev sau ntawv thiab kev txhais lus. Li no, kev sau ntawv thiab txhais lus yog cov kauj ruam los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov protein ua ke los ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces. Ob qhov kev sau thiab txhais lus tshwm sim hauv prokaryotes thiab hauv eukaryotes. Kab lus no npaj siab los tham txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sau thiab txhais lus hauv DNA.
Kev txhais lus yog dab tsi?
Kev txhais lus yog thawj theem ntawm cov noob qhia nyob rau hauv uas mRNA ib ntus tau los ntawm DNA qauv. Ntawm no, mRNA ib ntus ua tus qauv rau kev txhais lus, uas yog theem thib ob ntawm cov noob qhia uas ua rau muaj cov protein ua haujlwm. Hauv kev sau ntawv, cov hauv paus ntxiv tau txuas mus rau DNA ntu thiab cov no, dhau los, tau sib koom nrog phosphoric acid bonds tsim RNA. Tsis zoo li niam txiv DNA ib ntus, qhov tshwm sim ntawm RNA saw muaj nucleotides tsim los ntawm ribosugars raws li lawv cov piam thaj pentose moiety.
Ntxiv mus, cov enzyme RNA polymerase catalyzes thiab saib xyuas tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thaum lub sijhawm sau ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem transcription tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm 5' mus rau 3'. Qhov tshwm sim ua ntu zus yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm niam txiv coding DNA sib lawv liag. Thiab, qhov coding strand no yog ntxiv rau lwm txoj hlua, uas yog hu ua template lossis antisense strand.
Daim duab 01: Kev txhais lus
Txhua chav ntawm kev hloov pauv encodes rau ib tus noob hauv eukaryotes. Qhov tshwm sim RNA strand hauv kev sau ntawv yog thawj cov ntawv sau tseg, uas yog RNA ntxov ntxov. Peb hu rau thawj lub hauv paus khub qhov pib unit. Thiab, cov txheej txheem no txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum nws mus txog qhov kawg ntawm cov noob. Qhov tshwm sim mRNA ib ntus ces tawm ntawm lub hauv paus thiab mus rau cytoplasm rau theem tom ntej.
Kev txhais lus yog dab tsi?
Kev txhais lus yog qhov thib ob lossis theem kawg ntawm cov noob qhia uas ua raws li qhov xwm txheej sau tseg. Cov ntawv sau thawj zaug tau muab txhais ua ib ntu ntawm cov amino acids sib xws, tsim cov saw peptide. Cov no tau ua tiav ntxiv thiab folding los tsim cov protein ua haujlwm kawg nkaus. Li no, kev txhais lus yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua peptide chains los ntawm thawj cov ntawv sau tseg.
Daim duab 02: Kev txhais lus
txheej txheem txhais lus suav nrog peb hom RNA. Lawv yog mRNA, tRNA, thiab rRNA. Lawv ua cov haujlwm sib txawv, tab sis tag nrho cov haujlwm no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem txhais lus. tRNA nqa ib txheej ntawm cov amino acids mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kev txhais lus raws li qhov tseeb genetic code txiav txim ntawm mRNA ib ntus. rRNA sib sau ua ke thiab ua cov amino acids rau hauv peptide saw nyob rau hauv ribosomal ob subunits. Ib yam li ntawd, nrog rau cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho peb RNAs, kev txhais lus ua rau muaj cov protein ua haujlwm thaum kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm thiab Kev Txhais Lus hauv DNA?
- Kev txhais thiab txhais lus yog ob kauj ruam ntawm cov txheej txheem gene.
- Ob txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog mRNA.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, ob txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb sib npaug txhawm rau tsim cov proteins hauv cov kab mob muaj sia.
- Dhau li, ob leeg xav tau tus qauv txhawm rau tsim cov khoom.
- Ntxiv mus, ob qho tib si txheej txheem xav tau lub tsev thaiv ntawm txhua macromolecule.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sau thiab txhais hauv DNA?
Kev txhais lus yog thawj kauj ruam ntawm cov noob qhia uas luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv caj ces hauv DNA qauv rau hauv mRNA ib ntus thaum kev txhais lus yog qib thib ob ntawm cov noob qhia uas tsim cov protein ua haujlwm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv genetic encoded hauv mRNA ib ntus. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau thiab txhais lus hauv DNA. Nyob rau hauv eukaryotes, transcription tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nucleus thaum kev txhais lus tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm ribosomes. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv prokaryotes, ob qho tib si transcription thiab txhais lus tshwm sim hauv cytoplasm. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau thiab txhais hauv DNA.
Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm kev sau thiab txhais lus hauv DNA yog tus qauv siv txhua txoj kev siv. Kev txhais lus siv tus qauv DNA thaum txhais lus siv mRNA template. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau ntawv yog ribonucleotides thaum lub ntsiab raw khoom ntawm kev txhais lus yog amino acids. Yog li ntawd, peb txiav txim siab qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sau thiab txhais hauv DNA.
Cov infographic hauv qab no nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sau thiab txhais lus hauv DNA piv.
Summary – Transcription vs Translation in DNA
Cov xwm txheej sau thiab txhais lus yog ob txoj haujlwm sib law liag hauv kev tsim cov protein ua haujlwm. Ob qho xwm txheej yog tswj los ntawm ntau yam thiab cov enzymes, tab sis lawv ua haujlwm rau tib lub hom phiaj. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem tswj hwm thiab lwm yam sib txawv ntawm ob txoj kev, ob qho tib si yog lub hom phiaj rau kev tsim tshuaj vim lawv raug tswj los ntawm cov txheej txheem nruj. Nyob rau hauv eukaryotes, transcription tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nucleus thaum kev txhais lus tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm ribosomes. Hauv prokaryotes, ob qho tib si transcription thiab txhais lus tshwm sim hauv cytoplasm. Kev txhais lus siv tus qauv DNA thaum txhais lus siv mRNA template. Tsis tas li ntawd, transcription yields ib mRNA ib theem zuj zus thaum txhais lus yields ib tug functional proteins. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sau thiab txhais lus hauv DNA.
