Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev them nqi thiab lub xeev oxidation yog tias tus nqi raug cai yog tus nqi ntawm ib lub atom hauv cov molecule peb suav tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib koom sib npaug ntawm cov atoms whereas oxidation xeev yog cov xov tooj ntawm electrons ib atom. poob lossis nce lossis sib koom nrog lwm lub atom.
Kev them nqi thiab oxidation xeev yog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv txawm hais tias peb feem ntau xav tias lawv yog tib yam. Tus nqi raug txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm cov electrons uas tshwm sim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub atom ntawm lub molecule thaum oxidation lub xeev txiav txim seb tus naj npawb ntawm electrons pauv ntawm atoms thaum tsim ib lub molecule.
Tus nqi raug cai yog dab tsi?
Tus nqi raug cai yog tus nqi ntawm ib lub atom hauv ib lub molecule peb suav tias yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj sib koom sib npaug ntawm cov atoms. Yog li ntawd, thaum txiav txim siab tus nqi, peb tab tom sib piv cov xov tooj ntawm electrons nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nruab nrab atom thiab cov xov tooj ntawm electrons nyob ib ncig ntawm lub atom thaum nws nyob rau hauv ib tug molecule. Hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus nqi raug cai, peb yuav tsum muab cov electrons ntawm cov molecule rau tus kheej atoms. Ntawm no, peb yuav tsum xav txog cov kev cai hauv qab no thiab;
- Peb yuav tsum muab cov hluav taws xob tsis sib txuas rau lub atom uas cov hluav taws xob tsis sib txuas tshwm sim
- Peb yuav tsum faib cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib npaug ntawm cov atoms sib koom
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm lej rau qhov kev suav no yog raws li hauv qab no:
Formal charge=(tus naj npawb ntawm valence electrons nyob rau hauv nruab nrab atom)- (tus naj npawb ntawm ib leeg ib khub electrons) - ({1/2} bond khub electrons)
Daim duab 1: Tus nqi raug cai ntawm Ozone thiab Nitrate Anion
Cia peb xav txog ib qho piv txwv kom nkag siab qhov tshwm sim no. Rau ammonia molecule, muaj peb N-H bonds thiab ib leeg electron khub ntawm nitrogen atom. Ces thaum twg thiaj xam tau cov nram qab no;
Kev them nqi N=5 – 2 – {1/2}6=0
Tus nqi ntawm H=1 – 0 – {1/2}2=0
Oxidation State yog dab tsi?
Oxidation xeev yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov electrons ib qho atom tuaj yeem poob, nce lossis sib koom nrog lwm lub atom. Lub sij hawm no yog siv rau txhua yam tshuaj nyob rau hauv molecules (lub sij hawm oxidation tooj yog siv feem ntau rau hauv nruab nrab hlau atoms ntawm kev sib koom ua ke tab sis peb siv cov ntsiab lus interchangeably). Oxidation lub xeev yeej muab cov degree ntawm oxidation ntawm ib tug atom nyob rau hauv ib tug compound. Peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov muab lub xeev oxidation ua tus lej tag nrho, thiab nws tau sawv cev hauv Hindu-Arabic tus lej, suav nrog tus nqi ntawm lub atom. Piv txwv li, lub xeev oxidation ntawm hlau hauv FeO yog +2.
Daim duab 02: Oxidation States ntawm Atoms nyob rau hauv txawv Molecules
Lub Tswv Yim rau Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Oxidation State:
- Oxidation lub xeev ntawm ib lub caij yog xoom (qhov no suav nrog cov molecules ua los ntawm ib lub caij ib yam nkaus).
- Tus nqi tag nrho ntawm ib lub molecule lossis ion yog cov lej ntawm cov nqi ntawm txhua lub atom.
- Lub xeev oxidation ntawm alkali hlau yog ib txwm +1, thiab rau alkali ntiaj teb hlau nws yog +2.
- Meanwhile, lub xeev oxidation ntawm fluorine yog ib txwm -1.
- Ntxiv mus, lub xeev oxidation ntawm hydrogen feem ntau yog +1. Tab sis qee zaum nws yog -1 (thaum khi rau alkali lossis alkali ntiaj teb hlau.)
- Kuj, feem ntau, lub xeev oxidation ntawm oxygen yog -2 (tab sis nyob rau hauv peroxides thiab super-oxides nws yuav txawv).
- Qhov feem ntau electronegative atom hauv ib lub molecule tau txais tus nqi tsis zoo, thiab lwm tus tau txais tus nqi zoo.
Oxidation xeev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov khoom hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox. Redox cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas suav nrog kev hloov hluav taws xob ntawm cov atoms. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox, ob qhov kev tshwm sim ib nrab tshwm sim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm. Ib qho yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation, thiab lwm qhov yog qhov txo qis. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation cuam tshuam qhov nce ntawm oxidation lub xeev ntawm ib lub atom, thaum txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav txo tau cov oxidation lub xeev ntawm ib atom.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Lub Xeev Oxidation?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev them nqi thiab lub xeev oxidation yog tias tus nqi raug cai yog tus nqi ntawm ib lub atom nyob rau hauv ib lub molecule uas peb xam piv txwv tias electrons nyob rau hauv chemical bonds sib koom sib npaug ntawm atoms whereas oxidation xeev yog cov xov tooj ntawm electrons. ib qho atom poob lossis nce lossis sib koom nrog lwm lub atom. Piv txwv li, tus nqi raug cai ntawm nitrogen atom hauv ammonia molecule yog 0, thaum lub xeev oxidation yog +3.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi raug cai thiab oxidation xeev.
Summary – Kev Them Nqi vs Oxidation
Kev them nqi thiab lub xeev oxidation yog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv txawm tias qee tus neeg xav tias lawv yog tib yam. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev them nqi thiab lub xeev oxidation yog tias tus nqi raug them yog tus nqi ntawm ib lub atom hauv cov molecule uas peb suav tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj sib koom sib npaug ntawm cov atoms thaum lub xeev oxidation yog tus naj npawb ntawm electrons ib atom poob lossis nce. los yog koom nrog lwm tus atom.
