Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm electropositive thiab electronegative yog tias electropositive yog hais txog lub peev xwm poob electrons, tsim cations, whereas electronegative hais txog lub peev xwm kom tau electrons, tsim anions.
Cov ntsiab lus electropositive thiab electronegative tuaj nrog kev nyiam lossis kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm electrons. Peb tuaj yeem categorize cov ntsiab lus tshuaj raws li tus yam ntxwv no; txawm lawv poob los yog nce electrons thaum muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Electropositive yog dab tsi?
Electropositive txhais tau hais tias cov tshuaj lom neeg yuav poob electrons. Poob electrons tsim cations los yog zoo ions ions nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm lub peev xwm los pub electrons. Cov ntsiab lus zoo li poob lawv cov hluav taws xob kom tau txais cov roj hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Feem ntau, tag nrho cov hlau raug suav tias yog cov tshuaj electropositive vim tias lawv muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshem tau yooj yim hauv lawv qhov chaw sab nraud. Ntawm lawv, cov hlau alkali (pab pawg 1 tshuaj lom neeg) yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws. Raws li txoj cai, Francium yog cov tshuaj electropositive tshaj plaws, txawm hais tias nws tsis ruaj khov. Txawm hais tias hydrogen nyob rau hauv pawg 1 ntawm lub sij hawm, nws tuaj yeem poob lossis nce electrons; Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem categorize nws nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si electropositive thiab electronegative ntsiab.
Electronegative yog dab tsi?
Electronegative hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg kom tau txais electrons. Kev nce ntawm electrons los ntawm sab nraud tsim anions; anions yog hom tshuaj tsis zoo. Electronegativity yog qhov txawv ntawm electropositivity. Lub cim rau qhov tshwm sim no yog χ. Lub sij hawm yuav xa mus rau qhov kev nyiam ntawm ob khub ntawm electrons los yog electron ceev ntawm nws tus kheej. Muaj ob yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau electronegativity ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg: tus lej atomic thiab kev ncua deb ntawm nucleus thiab valence electrons.
Daim duab 01: Pauling Scale Values for Chemical Elements
Pauling nplai yog txoj hauv kev uas peb siv los muab tus nqi rau lub electronegativity ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov ntsuas tau hais los ntawm Linus Pauling. Nws yog ib tug dimensionless kom muaj nuj nqis. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib tug txheeb ze teev uas xam cov electronegativity ranges ntawm 0.79 mus rau 3.98. Lub electronegativity ntawm hydrogen yog 2.20. Lub ntsiab electronegative feem ntau yog fluorine, thiab nws cov nqi ntsuas Pauling yog 3.98 (feem ntau peb coj nws li 4). Feem ntau, tag nrho cov halogens (pawg 7 lub ntsiab) yog cov electronegative heev.
Qhov txawv ntawm Electropositive thiab Electronegative yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm electropositive thiab electronegative yog lub sij hawm electropositive yog hais txog lub peev xwm poob electrons, tsim cations, whereas electronegative hais txog lub peev xwm kom tau electrons, tsim anions. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus tshuaj nyob rau saum toj ntawm daim ntawv teev npe, hauv cov npe electropositive, feem ntau cov electropositive yog Francium thaum nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus electronegative, cov electronegative feem ntau yog Fluorine.
Pauling nplai yog qhov ntsuas peb siv los muab tus nqi rau txhua qhov electropositive thiab electronegative. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntsuas no muab cov electronegativity ntawm ib lub caij; Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias tus nqi hluav taws xob tsawg heev qhia tau tias lub caij muaj electropositive ntau dua.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm electropositive thiab electronegative.
Summary – Electropositive vs Electronegative
Cov ntsiab lus electropositive thiab electronegative piav qhia txog kev nyiam lossis kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm electropositive thiab electronegative yog lub sij hawm electropositive hais txog lub peev xwm los poob electrons tsim cations, whereas electronegative hais txog lub peev xwm kom tau electrons tsim anions.
Pauling nplai yog qhov ntsuas peb siv los muab tus nqi rau txhua qhov electropositive thiab electronegative. Lub nplai muab lub electronegativity ntawm ib lub caij; Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias tus nqi electronegativity qis heev qhia tau hais tias lub caij muaj ntau dua electropositive.
