Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Oxygenated vs Deoxygenated hemoglobin
Hemoglobin yog cov protein uas pom hauv cov qe ntshav liab, uas nqa cov pa oxygen los ntawm lub ntsws mus rau lub cev cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob thiab cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob mus rau lub ntsws. Muaj ob lub xeev ntawm hemoglobin: oxygenated thiab deoxygenated hemoglobin. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm oxygenated thiab deoxygenated hemoglobin yog tias oxygenated hemoglobin yog lub xeev ntawm hemoglobin khi nrog plaub lub pa oxygen molecules thaum lub deoxygenated hemoglobin yog lub xeev unbound hemoglobin nrog oxygen. Oxygenated hemoglobin yog xim liab xim thaum deoxygenated hemoglobin tsaus liab hauv xim.
Hemoglobin yog dab tsi?
Hemoglobin (Hb) yog cov protein ntau molecule uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov qe ntshav liab uas muab cov duab zoo rau cov qe ntshav liab (piv txwv li qhov chaw nqaim). Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Hb suav nrog kev thauj cov pa oxygen los ntawm lub ntsws mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub cev, sib pauv nrog cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab coj cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub cev mus rau lub ntsws thiab pauv rov qab nrog cov pa oxygen. Hemoglobin molecule muaj plaub polypeptide chains (protein subunits) thiab plaub pawg heme raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 01. Plaub polypeptide chains sawv cev rau ob alpha globulin chains thiab ob beta globulin chains. Heme yog ib qho tseem ceeb porphyrin compound nyob rau hauv hemoglobin molecule uas muaj lub hauv paus hlau atom nyob rau hauv. Txhua polypeptide saw ntawm hemoglobin molecule muaj ib pawg heme thiab ib qho atom hlau. Cov hlau atom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev thauj mus los ntawm cov pa oxygen thiab carbon dioxide hauv cov ntshav thiab nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov xim liab ntawm cov qe ntshav liab. Hemoglobin tseem hu ua mettaloprotein vim nws koom nrog cov hlau atoms.
Oxygen muab rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb. Cells tau txais lub zog los ntawm kev ua pa aerobic (oxidative phosphorylation) siv oxygen ua tus txais hluav taws xob. Kev tsim lub zog yuav tsum tau ua kom pom cov cell metabolism thiab ua haujlwm. Oxygen muab tau yooj yim los ntawm hemoglobin proteins. Yog li hemoglobin tseem hu ua oxygen nqa cov protein hauv cov ntshav.
Qib qis ntawm hemoglobin hauv cov ntshav hu ua anemia. Mob ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam kab mob. Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov qis hemoglobin concentration hauv cov ntshav. Tsis muaj hlau yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb, thaum noj ntau dhau, kev ua neej tsis zoo, qee yam kab mob thiab mob qog noj ntshav kuj ua rau tib yam.
Hemoglobin molecule muaj plaub qhov chaw sib txuas nrog oxygen nrog plaub Fe+2 atoms. Ib qho molecule ntawm hemoglobin tuaj yeem nqa ntau tshaj plaub lub molecules ntawm Oxygen. Yog li, hemoglobin tuaj yeem saturated lossis unsaturated nrog oxygen. Oxygen saturation yog feem pua ntawm oxygen binding qhov chaw ntawm hemoglobin nyob los ntawm cov pa. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws ntsuas qhov feem ntawm oxygen saturated hemoglobin txheeb ze rau tag nrho hemoglobin. Ob lub xeev ntawm hemoglobin no hu ua oxygenated thiab deoxygenated hemoglobin.
Daim duab 1: Cov qauv ntawm hemoglobin
Oxygenated hemoglobin yog dab tsi?
Thaum hemoglobin molecules khi thiab saturated nrog oxygen molecules, kev sib xyaw ntawm hemoglobin nrog oxygen yog hu ua oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin). Oxygenated hemoglobin yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm physiological ua pa (qhov cua), thaum oxygen molecules khi nrog heme pawg ntawm hemoglobin hauv cov qe ntshav liab. Oxygenated hemoglobin ntau lawm feem ntau tshwm sim hauv pulmonary capillaries ze rau alveoli ntawm lub ntsws qhov chaw sib pauv gaseous tshwm sim (inhalation thiab exhalation). Lub affinity ntawm oxygen khi rau lub hemoglobin yog heev cuam tshuam los ntawm pH. Thaum pH siab, muaj kev sib txuam siab ntawm kev khi oxygen rau hemoglobin tab sis nws txo qis thaum pH txo. Feem ntau muaj pH siab hauv ntsws, thiab pH qis hauv cov leeg. Yog li, qhov sib txawv ntawm pH no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev xa cov pa oxygen, kev thauj mus los thiab kev tso tawm. Txij li thaum muaj kev sib txuam siab nyob ze ntawm lub ntsws, oxygen khi nrog hemoglobin thiab ua rau oxyhemoglobin. Thaum oxyhemoglobin ncav cuag cov leeg vim pH qis, nws dissolves thiab tso oxygen rau cov hlwb. Cov pa oxygen ib txwm nyob hauv cov ntshav ntawm tib neeg tau suav tias yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 95 - 100%. Oxygenated ntshav yog pom nyob rau hauv ci liab (liab liab) xim. Thaum cov hemoglobin nyob rau hauv daim ntawv oxygenated, nws tseem hu ua R xeev (Relaxed state) ntawm hemoglobin.
Daim duab 2: Oxygenated hemoglobin
Deoxygenated hemoglobin yog dab tsi?
Deoxygenated hemoglobin yog daim ntawv ntawm hemoglobin uas tsis khi rau oxygen. Deoxygenated hemoglobin tsis muaj oxygen. Li no lub xeev hu ua T xeev (Tense xeev) ntawm hemoglobin. Deoxygenated hemoglobin tuaj yeem pom thaum cov pa oxygenated hemoglobin tso tawm cov pa thiab nws tau pauv nrog cov pa roj carbon dioxide nyob ze ntawm lub plasma daim nyias nyias ntawm cov leeg nqaij uas muaj pH tsawg. Thaum hemoglobin tsis tshua muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov pa oxygen, nws xa oxygen thiab hloov mus rau deoxygenated hemoglobin.
Daim duab 3: Cov ntshav oxygenated thiab deoxygenated ntws los ntawm lub cev
Qhov txawv ntawm Oxygenated thiab Deoxygenated hemoglobin yog dab tsi?
Oxygenated vs Deoxygenated hemoglobin |
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| Oxygenated hemoglobin yog kev sib xyaw ntawm hemoglobin ntxiv rau oxygen. | Daim ntawv tsis sib haum ntawm hemoglobin nrog oxygen yog hu ua deoxygenated hemoglobin. |
| Lub Xeev ntawm Oxygen Molecule | |
| Oxygen molecules yog khi rau hemoglobin molecule. | Oxygen molecules tsis khi rau hemoglobin molecule. |
| xim | |
| Oxygenated hemoglobin yog xim liab. | Deoxygenated hemoglobin yog xim liab tsaus. |
| xeev hemoglobin | |
| Qhov no hu ua R lub xeev ntawm hemoglobin. | Qhov no yog lub npe hu ua T (tense) xeev ntawm hemoglobin. |
| Kev | |
| Oxygenated hemoglobin yog tsim thaum cov pa oxygen molecules khi nrog heme pawg ntawm hemoglobin hauv cov qe ntshav liab thaum lub cev ua pa. | Deoxygenated hemoglobin yog tsim thaum cov pa tawm los ntawm oxygenated hemoglobin thiab pauv nrog carbon dioxide nyob ze ntawm lub plasma membrane ntawm cov leeg nqaij. |
Summary - Oxygenated thiab Deoxygenated hemoglobin
Hemoglobin yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov protein uas muaj nyob hauv cov qe ntshav liab uas muaj peev xwm nqa cov pa oxygen ntawm lub ntsws mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub cev thiab nqa cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg mus rau lub ntsws. Muaj ob lub xeev ntawm hemoglobin vim kev khi ntawm oxygen. Cov no yog oxygenated hemoglobin thiab deoxygenated hemoglobin. Oxygenated hemoglobin yog tsim thaum oxygen molecules txuas rau Fe atoms. Deoxygenated hemoglobin yog tsim thaum oxygen molecules raug tso tawm los ntawm hemoglobin molecule. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm oxygenated thiab deoxygenated hemoglobin. Oxygen txuas thiab tso tawm yog feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm pH thiab ib nrab siab ntawm Oxygen.
