Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Enols vs Enolates vs Enamines
Enols, enolates thiab enamines yog peb hom sib txawv ntawm cov organic sib txuas. Enols tseem hu ua alkenols. Qhov ntawd yog vim hais tias ib qho enol yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ib pawg alkene nrog ib pawg cawv. Nws yog cov qauv reactive vim tias enols tshwm sim ua cov tshuaj nruab nrab hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Enolates yog muab los ntawm enols. Ib qho enolate yog lub hauv paus conjugated ntawm ib qho enol. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib qho enolate yog tsim los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm hydrogen atom los ntawm pawg hydroxyl ntawm ib qho enol. Enamines yog amine compounds uas muaj ib pawg amine nyob ib sab ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus. Cov tshuaj reactivity ntawm enolates thiab enamines yog ze li ntawm. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm enols, enolates thiab enamines yog tias enols muaj cov pab pawg hydroxyl nrog C=C ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab enolates muaj cov nqi tsis zoo ntawm cov pa oxygen atom ntawm enol whereas enamines muaj ib pawg amine nyob ib sab ntawm C=C ob npaug. daim ntawv cog lus.
Enols yog dab tsi?
Enols yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj cov pab pawg hydroxyl nyob ib sab ntawm pawg alkene (C=C ob daim ntawv cog lus). Ib qho enol yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ib qho cawv nrog ib qho alkene. Lub npe ntawm no compound yog muab los ntawm qhov pib compound ntawm nws tsim; "en" los ntawm alkene thiab "ol" los ntawm cawv.
Thaum piv nrog cov enolates thiab enamines ntawm cov molar zoo sib xws, enols muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws nucleophilic reactivity. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov enols tsis zoo nucleophilic. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov nucleophilicity yog tswj hwm los ntawm electron-nplua nuj pi daim ntawv cog lus, uas muaj ib qho ntxiv electron ceev los ntawm oxygen atom ntawm pawg hydroxyl.
Daim duab 01: Cov qauv ntawm Dimedone; daim ntawv enol ntawm Dimedone
Enols feem ntau tau txais los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm hydrogen atom los ntawm alpha carbon ntawm carbonyl compound. Alpha carbon yog cov pa roj carbon atom uas nyob ib sab ntawm pawg carbonyl. Qhov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv deprotonating vim nws suav nrog kev tshem tawm proton. Yog hais tias qhov no proton tsis rov qab, nws ua rau ib tug enolate ion.
Dab tsi yog Enolates?
Enolates yog cov hauv paus sib txuas ntawm enols. Yog li, ib qho enolate yog tsim los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm hydrogen atom los ntawm pawg hydroxyl ntawm ib qho enol. Lub enolate yog daim ntawv anionic ntawm lub enol. Enolate muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov pa oxygen atom uas nyob ib sab ntawm C=C ob daim ntawv cog lus. Enolates tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm enols siv lub hauv paus. Cov hydrogen atom ntawm pawg hydroxyl ntawm cov enol tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm thiab ua rau lub hauv paus, ua rau cov enolate. Ib qho enolate tuaj yeem tau txais thaum muaj aldehyde lossis ketone hnov mob nrog lub hauv paus tsim nyog.
Daim duab 02: Enolate Reactions
Enolates muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog electrophiles vim nws cov nucleophilicity siab. Lub nucleophilic reactivity ntawm enolates yog siab dua cov enols thiab enamines. Lub nucleophilicity ntawm enolate anion tshwm sim vim ntau yam.
- Lub atom oxygen muaj lub vojvoog me me atomic
- Tus enolate muaj tus nqi tsis zoo
- Thaum enolate thiab enamine piv cov pa hauv enolate yog electronegative heev dua nitrogen atom hauv enamine
Enamines yog dab tsi?
Enamines yog cov organic tebchaw tsim los ntawm ib pawg amine nyob ib sab rau C=C ob daim ntawv cog lus. Ib qho enamine yog tsim los ntawm condensation ntawm ib qho aldehyde los yog ketone nrog ib tug thib ob amine. Enamines raug suav hais tias yog nitrogen analogs ntawm enols.
Daim duab 03: Tus Qauv ntawm Cov Enamine
Enamines reacts zoo ib yam li cov anions enolate. Thaum piv nrog enols thiab enolates, cov nucleophilic reactivity ntawm enamines yog nruab nrab ntawm cov enols thiab enolates. Qhov nruab nrab nucleophilicity ntawm enamines tshwm sim vim qhov tsawg electronegativity ntawm nitrogen atom piv rau oxygen atom hauv enols thiab enolates. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov reactivity ntawm enamines txawv ntawm ib leeg raws li pawg alkyl txuas rau lub molecule.
Qhov txawv ntawm Enols thiab Enolates thiab Enamines yog dab tsi?
Enols vs Enolates vs Enamines |
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| Enols | Enols yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj pawg hydroxyl nyob ib sab ntawm pawg alkene (C=C ob daim ntawv cog lus). |
| Enolates yog cov hauv paus sib txuas ntawm enols. | |
| Enamines | Enamines yog cov organic tebchaw tsim los ntawm ib pawg amine nyob ib sab rau C=C ob daim ntawv cog lus. |
| Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm nyob ib sab ntawm C=C daim ntawv cog lus | |
| Enols | Enols muaj ib pawg hydroxyl. |
| Enolates muaj cov pa oxygen atom tsis zoo. | |
| Enamines | Enamines muaj ib pawg amine. |
| Ntawm Nitrogen | |
| Enols | Enols tsis muaj nitrogen. |
| Enolates tsis muaj nitrogen. | |
| Enamines | Enamines muaj nitrogen. |
| Nucleophilic Reactivity | |
| Enols | Enols tsawg dua reactive dua enolates thiab enamines. |
| Enolates reactive dua enols thiab enamines. | |
| Enamines | Enamines yog ib nrab reactive. |
| Kev npaj | |
| Enols | Enols yog tsim los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm hydrogen atom los ntawm alpha carbon ntawm carbonyl compound. |
| Enolates yog tsim los ntawm enols siv lub hauv paus; Lub hauv paus tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog hydrogen atom ntawm pawg hydroxyl ntawm Enol. | |
| Enamines | Enamines yog tsim los ntawm condensation ntawm ib qho aldehyde los yog ketone nrog ib tug thib ob amine. |
Summary – Enols vs Enolates vs Enamines
Enols thiab enolates muaj feem cuam tshuam zoo vim tias enolates yog tsim los ntawm enols. Enamines muaj amine pawg nyob ib sab ntawm pawg alken. Qhov sib txawv ntawm enols, enolates thiab enamines yog tias enols muaj ib pab pawg hydroxyl nrog ib tug nyob ib sab C=C ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab enolates muaj ib tug tsis zoo nqi ntawm cov pa atom ntawm ib tug enol whereas enamines muaj ib tug amine pawg nyob ib sab ntawm C=C ob daim ntawv cog lus..
