Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Electron Transport Chain hauv Mitochondria vs Chloroplats
Cellular respiration thiab photosynthesis yog ob yam tseem ceeb heev uas pab cov kab mob nyob hauv biosphere. Ob qho txheej txheem koom nrog kev thauj mus los ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas tsim cov hluav taws xob gradient. Qhov no ua rau tsim cov proton gradient los ntawm kev siv lub zog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm ATP nrog kev pab ntawm enzyme ATP synthase. Electron transport chain (ETC), uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub mitochondria yog hu ua 'oxidative phosphorylation,' txij thaum cov txheej txheem siv tshuaj zog los ntawm redox cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hauv qhov sib piv, hauv chloroplast txheej txheem no hu ua 'photo-phosphorylation' vim nws siv lub teeb lub zog. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Electron Transport Chain (ETC) hauv Mitochondria thiab Chloroplast.
Electron Transport Chain hauv Mitochondria yog dab tsi?
Cov saw hlau thauj hluav taws xob uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias ntawm mitochondria yog lub npe hu ua oxidative phosphorylation qhov twg cov electrons raug thauj mus rau hauv daim nyias nyias ntawm mitochondria nrog kev koom tes ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv. Qhov no tsim cov proton gradient uas ua rau cov synthesis ntawm ATP. Nws yog lub npe hu ua oxidative phosphorylation vim lub zog qhov chaw: uas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox uas tsav cov saw hlau thauj electron.
Cov saw hlau thauj hluav taws xob muaj ntau cov protein ntau thiab cov organic molecules uas suav nrog cov complexes sib txawv xws li complex I, II, III, IV thiab ATP synthase complex. Thaum lub sij hawm txav ntawm cov hluav taws xob los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thauj khoom, lawv txav los ntawm qib siab zog mus rau qib qis zog. Lub electron gradient tsim thaum lub sij hawm no txav tau lub zog uas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub twj tso kua mis H+ ions thoob plaws hauv daim nyias nyias los ntawm lub matrix mus rau hauv qhov chaw intermembrane. Qhov no tsim ib qho proton gradient. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas nkag mus rau cov saw hlau thauj hluav taws xob yog muab los ntawm FADH2 thiab NADH. Cov no yog synthesized thaum ntxov cellular ua pa theem uas muaj xws li glycolysis thiab TCA cycle.
Daim duab 01: Electron Transport Chain hauv Mitochondria
Complexes I, II thiab IV yog suav tias yog cov twj tso kua mis. Ob qho tib si complexes I thiab II sib sau ua ke dhau cov hluav taws xob mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hu ua Ubiquinone uas hloov cov electrons mus rau complex III. Thaum lub sij hawm txav ntawm electrons los ntawm complex III, ntau H+ ions raug xa mus thoob plaws hauv daim nyias nyias mus rau qhov chaw nruab nrab. Lwm mobile electron cab kuj hu ua Cytochrome C tau txais cov electrons uas tau dhau mus rau hauv complex IV. Qhov no ua rau qhov kawg hloov ntawm H+ ions mus rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab. Cov hluav taws xob thaum kawg tau txais los ntawm oxygen uas yog siv los ua dej. Lub proton motive force gradient yog coj mus rau qhov kawg complex uas yog ATP synthase uas synthesizes ATP.
Electron Transport Chain hauv Chloroplast yog dab tsi?
Electron thauj saw uas tshwm sim hauv chloroplast feem ntau hu ua photophosphorylation. Txij li thaum lub zog qhov chaw yog hnub ci, phosphorylation ntawm ADP rau ATP yog hu ua photophosphorylation. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, lub teeb lub zog yog siv nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm ib tug siab zog pub electron uas ces ntws nyob rau hauv ib tug unidirectional qauv mus rau ib tug qis zog electron txais. Kev txav ntawm cov hluav taws xob los ntawm tus neeg pub dawb mus rau tus txais yog hu ua Electron Transport Chain. Photophosphorylation tuaj yeem yog ob txoj hauv kev; cyclic photophosphorylation thiab noncyclic photophosphorylation.
Daim duab 02: Electron Transport Chain hauv Chloroplast
Cyclic photophosphorylation tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub thylakoid membrane qhov twg cov ndlwg ntawm electrons yog pib los ntawm ib tug pigment complex hu ua photosystem I. Thaum tshav ntuj ntog ntawm lub photosystem; Lub teeb absorbing molecules yuav ntes lub teeb thiab dhau mus rau ib qho tshwj xeeb chlorophyll molecule nyob rau hauv lub photosystem. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev zoo siab thiab thaum kawg tso tawm lub zog hluav taws xob siab. Lub zog no tau dhau los ntawm ib tus neeg txais hluav taws xob mus rau tus txais hluav taws xob tom ntej hauv electron gradient uas thaum kawg tau txais los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob qis dua. Lub zog ntawm cov electrons induces ib tug proton motive quab yuam uas koom nyob rau hauv lub twj tso kua mis ntawm H+ ions hla lub membranes. Qhov no yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov ATP. ATP synthase yog siv los ua enzyme thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no. Cyclic photophosphorylation tsis tsim oxygen lossis NADPH.
Hauv noncyclic photophosphorylation, kev koom tes ntawm ob lub photosystems tshwm sim. Thaum pib, cov dej molecule yog lyzed los tsim 2H+ + 1/2O2 + 2e– Photosystem II khaws ob lub electrons. Cov chlorophyll pigments tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub photosystem nqus lub teeb lub zog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm photons thiab hloov mus rau ib tug tseem ceeb molecule. Ob lub electrons yog boosted los ntawm lub photosystem uas tau txais los ntawm thawj electron txais. Tsis zoo li cyclic txoj kev, ob lub electrons yuav tsis rov qab mus rau lub photosystem. Qhov tsis txaus ntawm electrons hauv photosystem yuav muab los ntawm lysis ntawm lwm cov dej molecule. Cov electrons los ntawm photosystem II yuav raug xa mus rau photosystem I qhov twg cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws yuav tshwm sim. Kev khiav ntawm electrons los ntawm ib tus txais mus rau tom ntej yuav tsim ib qho hluav taws xob gradient uas yog proton motive quab yuam uas yog siv rau hauv synthesizing ATP.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm ETC hauv Mitochondria thiab Chloroplast?
- ATP synthase yog siv hauv ETC los ntawm mitochondria thiab chloroplast.
- Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, 3 ATP molecules yog synthesized los ntawm 2 protons.
Qhov txawv ntawm Electron Transport Chain hauv Mitochondria thiab Chloroplast yog dab tsi?
ETC hauv Mitochondria vs ETC hauv Chloroplasts |
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| Cov saw hlau thauj khoom hluav taws xob uas tshwm sim hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm mitochondria yog hu ua oxidative phosphorylation lossis Electron Transport Chain hauv Mitochondria. | Electron thauj saw uas tshwm sim hauv chloroplast yog hu ua photophosphorylation lossis Electron Transport Chain hauv Chloroplast. |
| hom Phosphorylation | |
| Oxidative phosphorylation tshwm sim hauv ETC ntawm Mitochondria. | Photo-phosphorylation tshwm sim hauv ETC ntawm chloroplasts. |
| Neeg muaj zog | |
| Qhov chaw ntawm lub zog ntawm ETP hauv mitochondria yog lub zog tshuaj tau los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox.. | ETC hauv chloroplasts siv lub teeb lub zog. |
| Qhov chaw | |
| ETC hauv mitochondria tshwm sim hauv cristae ntawm mitochondria. | ETC hauv chloroplasts tshwm sim hauv thylakoid membrane ntawm chloroplast. |
| YCo-enzyme | |
| NAD thiab FAD koom nrog ETC ntawm mitochondria. | NADP koom nrog ETC ntawm chloroplasts. |
| Proton Gradient | |
| Proton gradient ua los ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab mus txog rau lub matrix thaum lub sij hawm ETC ntawm mitochondria. | Cov proton gradient ua los ntawm qhov chaw thylakoid mus rau stroma ntawm chloroplast thaum lub sij hawm ETC ntawm chloroplasts. |
| Kawg Electron Acceptor | |
| Oxygen yog qhov kawg electron txais ntawm ETC hauv mitochondria. | Chlorophyll hauv cyclic photophosphorylation thiab NADPH + hauv noncyclic photophosphorylation yog qhov kawg electron txais hauv ETC hauv chloroplasts. |
Summary – Electron Transport Chain in Mitochondria vs Chloroplats
Electron thauj saw uas tshwm sim hauv thylakoid daim nyias nyias ntawm chloroplast yog hu ua yees duab-phosphorylation vim lub teeb lub zog yog siv los tsav cov txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv lub mitochondria, lub electron thauj saw yog hu ua oxidative phosphorylation qhov twg electrons los ntawm NADH thiab FADH2 uas yog muab los ntawm glycolysis thiab TCA voj voog yog hloov mus rau hauv ATP los ntawm ib tug proton gradient. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ETC hauv mitochondria thiab ETC hauv chloroplasts. Ob txheej txheem siv ATP synthase thaum lub sij hawm synthesis ntawm ATP.
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Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline lub hom phiaj raws li daim ntawv ceeb toom. Thov download PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv ntawm ETC hauv Mitochondria thiab Chloroplast
