Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Phase Diagram vs Equilibrium Diagram
Phase diagrams lossis equilibrium diagrams yog cov kab kos lossis cov duab qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, siab thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txhua lub cev. Cov duab kos no muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm cov theem sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib npaug. Ib theem yog homogeneous ib feem ntawm lub cev uas muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev zoo ib yam. Muaj peb theem loj uas cov khoom muaj peev xwm muaj nyob: theem khoom, kua thiab roj. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm daim duab qhia theem thiab daim duab sib npaug.
Phase Diagram yog dab tsi?
Daim duab qhia theem yog ib daim duab uas qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm cov txheej txheem thermodynamically sib txawv uas sib koom ua ke hauv kev sib npaug. Daim duab qhia theem qhia txog theem ciam teb lossis thaj tsam sib npaug uas cais cov theem ntawm ib leeg. Daim duab theem yog ib zajlus ntawm siab vs kub.
Daim duab 1: Daim duab Phase Qhia Cov Kab Ciam Teb, Triple Point thiab Critical Point
Cov Cheebtsam Tseem Ceeb ntawm Phase Diagram
Qee yam tseem ceeb hauv daim duab qhia theem muaj xws li hauv qab no:
- Phase Boundaries (ib thaj tsam sib npaug) - cov kab hauv daim duab qhia theem uas cais ob theem; txhua theem uas sib npaug nrog lwm theem.
- Triple Point - ib qho taw qhia ntawm txoj kab sib npaug. Ib lub ntsiab lus triple qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntawm lub cev uas muaj cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem koom ua ke hauv peb theem ntawm cov teeb meem (khoom, kua thiab roj).
- Lub Ntsiab Tseem Ceeb - qhov kub thiab qhov siab ntawm cov khoom ntawd tuaj yeem coj tus cwj pwm zoo li roj thiab kua tib lub sijhawm; indistinguishable gas thiab kua theem tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj ib ntus ciam teb. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog qhov kawg ntawm qhov nkhaus hauv theem
- Fusion Curve (melting or freezing curves) - kab ciam teb nyob rau hauv daim duab qhia theem uas qhia cov xwm txheej rau cov theem hloov ntawm cov roj theem thiab cov kua theem (xiav kab hauv daim duab saum toj no).
- Vaporization Curve (los yog condensation nkhaus) - kab ciam teb nyob rau hauv daim duab qhia theem uas qhia cov xwm txheej rau cov theem hloov ntawm cov theem khoom thiab cov theem ua kua (cov kab ntsuab xim nyob rau saum daim duab).
- Sublimation Curve - tus ciam teb nyob rau hauv daim duab qhia theem uas qhia cov xwm txheej rau cov theem hloov ntawm cov theem khoom thiab cov roj theem (liab kab liab nyob rau hauv daim duab saum toj no).
Ntawm no, fusion yog melting lossis khov uas cuam tshuam nrog theem hloov pauv ntawm theem roj thiab theem kua. Vaporization yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kua rau hauv vapor theem (gas theem) whereas condensation yog hloov pauv ntawm cov vapor rau hauv cov kua. Sublimation yog hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm cov khoom mus rau hauv cov roj theem ncaj qha, tsis tas mus rau theem ua kua.
Type of Phase Diagram
Muaj ob peb hom kab kos duab.
Unary Phase Diagrams
Cov no yog cov qauv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab kos. Cov duab kos no qhia peb theem ntawm cov khoom sib cais ntawm thaj tsam sib npaug (xws li hauv daim duab 1).
Binary Phase Diagrams
Daim duab binary theem qhia pom qhov sib npaug ntawm ob yam khoom uas muaj nyob hauv tib lub cev. Feem ntau, lub siab tseem zoo li qub, thiab qhov sib txawv yog qhov kub thiab txias thiab cov khoom sib xyaw. Ntawm no, ob yam khoom tuaj yeem yog hlau, hlau thiab cov khoom sib txuas lossis tuaj yeem ua ob lub tebchaw.
Daim duab 2: Daim duab binary Phase
Dab tsi yog Equilibrium Diagram?
Daim duab sib npaug yog daim duab qhia qhov sib npaug ntawm cov theem ntawm cov khoom uas sib koom ua ke hauv lub kaw lus kaw. Nws tseem hu ua daim duab qhia theem.
Qhov txawv ntawm Phase Diagram thiab Equilibrium Diagram yog dab tsi?
Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm daim duab qhia theem thiab daim duab sib npaug vim tias lawv yog cov lus sib piv. Ob lub ntsiab lus xa mus rau daim ntawv qhia uas qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem thermodynamically sib txawv uas muaj nyob hauv kev sib npaug nrog ib leeg
Summary – Phase Diagram vs Equilibrium Diagram
Ib theem yog ib feem ntawm qhov system uas muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev zoo ib yam. Muaj peb theem loj uas ib yam khoom muaj peev xwm muaj nyob: theem khoom, theem ua kua thiab theem roj. Daim duab theem yog ib daim duab uas sawv cev rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov theem sib txawv uas muaj nyob hauv tib lub kaw lus. Daim duab no tseem hu ua daim duab sib npaug vim nws qhia tias muaj qhov sib npaug.
