Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj sib npaug thiab qhov sib npaug sib npaug yog tias cov tshuaj sib npaug piav qhia txog lub xeev ntawm qhov ntau ntawm cov tshuaj reactants thiab cov khoom tsis raug hloov pauv thaum qhov sib npaug sib npaug piav qhia lub xeev ntawm qhov piv ntawm cov tshuaj reactants thiab cov khoom tsis muaj. hloov, tab sis cov tshuaj txav ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm qhov sib npaug.
Thaum ib lossis ntau cov reactants tau hloov mus rau cov khoom, lawv yuav dhau los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab hloov lub zog. Cov ntawv cog lus tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov reactants tau tawg, thiab cov ntawv cog lus tshiab tau tsim los tsim cov khoom, uas txawv kiag li ntawm cov reactants. Peb lub npe zoo li kev hloov kho tshuaj lom neeg no ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj. Thermodynamics yog kev kawm txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog uas cuam tshuam nrog lub zog thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm qhov sib npaug hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Chemical Equilibrium yog dab tsi?
Tshuaj sib npaug yog lub xeev uas ob qho tib si reactants thiab cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv cov concentrations uas tsis muaj kev xav ntxiv hloov nrog lub sijhawm. Qee qhov kev tawm tsam yog thim rov qab, thiab qee qhov kev tawm tsam tsis tuaj yeem rov qab los. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov tshuaj reactants hloov mus rau cov khoom. Thiab hauv qee qhov kev cuam tshuam, cov reactants tsim dua los ntawm cov khoom. Li no, hom tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog thim rov qab.
Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tuaj yeem, thaum cov reactants hloov mus rau cov khoom, lawv tsis rov tsim dua los ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab thaum reactants mus rau cov khoom, peb hu nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau pem hauv ntej, thiab thaum cov khoom yuav mus reactants, nws yog rov qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Daim duab 01: Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj Reactants (hauv liab) txo qis thiab Cov Khoom Muag (hauv xiav) nce tom qab Chemical Equilibrium
Ntxim ntawm qhov tshwm sim
Thaum tus nqi ntawm kev tawm tsam pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab sib npaug, ces cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov sib npaug. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau qee lub sij hawm tus nqi ntawm reactants thiab cov khoom tsis hloov. Rov qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm tuaj mus rau qhov sib npaug thiab tswj qhov sib npaug. Thaum lub kaw lus nyob rau ntawm qhov sib npaug, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thiab cov reactants tsis tas yuav sib npaug. Nws tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua ntawm cov reactants ntau dua li cov khoom lag luam lossis rov ua dua. Qhov tsuas yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib npaug sib npaug yog kom muaj tus nqi tas li los ntawm ob qho tib si dhau sijhawm. Rau qhov kev sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug, peb tuaj yeem txhais qhov sib npaug tas li; qhov twg nws yog sib npaug rau qhov sib piv ntawm qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom thiab concentration ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
K=[product] /[reactant]m
Qhov twg, n thiab m yog stoichiometric coefficients ntawm cov khoom thiab reactant. Rau kev sib npaug, yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pem hauv ntej yog exothermic, ces cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab yog endothermic thiab vice versa. Nquag, tag nrho lwm yam tsis zoo rau pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog opposite rau ib leeg zoo li no. Yog li ntawd, yog tias peb xav pab txhawb ib qho ntawm cov kev tshwm sim, peb tsuas yog yuav tsum tau kho cov kev txwv kom pab txhawb qhov kev tshwm sim.
Dynamic Equilibrium yog dab tsi?
Dynamic equilibrium kuj yog ib hom kev sib npaug uas cov khoom thiab cov tshuaj reactants tsis hloov raws sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv dynamic equilibrium, los ntawm kev hais tias cov nyiaj tsis hloov tsis tau txhais hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau nres. Hloov chaw, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tab tom ua raws li nws ua kom cov nyiaj tsis hloov pauv (qhov hloov pauv yog xoom).
Daim duab 02: Hloov pauv ntawm Kev Tawm Tsam Tom Ntej thiab Rov Qab Los ntawm Kev Sib Tw Dynamic
Tsuas lo lus "dynamic equilibrium" txhais tau hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog thim rov qab thiab txuas ntxiv mus. Txhawm rau kom muaj qhov sib npaug sib npaug, lub kaw lus yuav tsum yog kaw, kom tsis muaj zog lossis teeb meem khiav tawm ntawm lub system.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Chemical Equilibrium thiab Dynamic Equilibrium?
Dynamic equilibrium yog hom tshuaj sib npaug. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj sib npaug thiab qhov sib npaug sib npaug yog tias cov tshuaj sib npaug piav qhia txog lub xeev ntawm qhov ntau ntawm cov tshuaj reactants thiab cov khoom tsis hloov pauv, qhov sib npaug dynamic piav qhia lub xeev ntawm qhov piv ntawm cov tshuaj reactants thiab cov khoom tsis hloov, tab sis cov khoom txav mus los. nruab nrab ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm tus nqi sib npaug.
Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug sib npaug, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txuas ntxiv, tab sis tus nqi ntawm cov reactants thiab cov khoom tseem tsis hloov vim tias tus nqi ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam rau pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab yog tib yam. Yuav muaj qee qhov xwm txheej hauv cov tshuaj sib npaug uas cov khoom lag luam thiab cov tshuaj reactant tseem tsis hloov pauv vim tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau nres. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj sib npaug thiab qhov sib npaug sib npaug.
Hauv qab infographic ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj sib npaug thiab qhov sib npaug sib npaug muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv no.
Summary – Chemical Equilibrium vs Dynamic Equilibrium
Ib qho sib npaug yog lub xeev ntawm qhov system uas qhia tias tsis muaj kev hloov pauv. Chemical equilibrium tau txais lub xeev no thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nres thaum lub dynamic equilibrium tau txais lub xeev no thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab sib npaug. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj sib npaug thiab qhov sib npaug sib npaug yog tias cov tshuaj sib npaug piav qhia txog lub xeev uas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov reactants thiab cov khoom tsis hloov pauv, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom sib npaug piav qhia txog lub xeev ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm cov reactants thiab cov khoom tsis hloov, tab sis cov khoom. txav ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm qhov sib npaug.
