Dynamic Equilibrium vs Equilibrium
Thaum ib lossis ntau cov reactants hloov mus rau cov khoom, lawv yuav dhau los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab hloov lub zog. Cov ntawv cog lus tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov reactants tawg thiab daim ntawv cog lus tshiab, tsim cov khoom, uas txawv kiag li ntawm cov reactants. Kev hloov kho tshuaj lom neeg no hu ua tshuaj lom neeg. Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv uas tswj cov kev tshwm sim. Feem ntau, los ntawm kev kawm thermodynamics thiab kinetics, peb tuaj yeem kos ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab peb tuaj yeem tswj lawv li cas. Thermodynamics yog kev kawm txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog. Nws yog kev txhawj xeeb nrog lub zog thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Kev sib haum xeeb
Qee qhov kev tawm tsam yog thim rov qab, thiab qee qhov kev tawm tsam tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov tshuaj reactants hloov mus rau cov khoom. Thiab hauv qee qhov kev cuam tshuam, cov reactants tuaj yeem tsim dua los ntawm cov khoom. Hom kev tshwm sim no hu ua thim rov qab. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tuaj yeem, thaum cov reactants hloov mus rau cov khoom, lawv tsis tuaj yeem rov tsim dua los ntawm cov khoom. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab thaum reactants mus rau cov khoom nws hu ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pem hauv ntej thiab thaum cov khoom yuav mus rau reactants, nws yog hu ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab. Thaum tus nqi ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab tshwm sim yog sib npaug, ces cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog hais tias nyob rau hauv equilibrium. Yog li dhau ib lub sij hawm tus nqi ntawm reactants thiab cov khoom tsis hloov. Rov qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm tuaj mus rau qhov sib npaug thiab tswj qhov sib npaug. Thaum lub kaw lus nyob rau ntawm qhov sib npaug, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thiab cov reactants yuav tsum tsis txhob sib npaug. Nws tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua ntawm cov reactants ntau dua li cov khoom lag luam lossis rov ua dua. Qhov tsuas yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib npaug sib npaug yog kom muaj tus nqi tas li los ntawm ob qho tib si dhau sijhawm. Ib qho kev sib npaug tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem txhais tau rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv equilibrium; qhov sib npaug tas li yog sib npaug rau qhov sib piv ntawm qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom thiab cov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
K=[product]/ [reactant]m n thiab m yog cov stoichiometric coefficients ntawm cov khoom thiab reactant.
Rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau pem hauv ntej yog exothermic ces cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab yog endothermic thiab vice versa. Nquag, tag nrho lwm yam tsis zoo rau pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog opposite rau ib leeg zoo li no. Yog li ntawd, yog tias peb xav pab txhawb ib qho ntawm cov kev tshwm sim, peb tsuas yog yuav tsum tau kho cov kev txwv kom pab txhawb qhov kev tshwm sim.
Dynamic Equilibrium
Dynamic equilibrium kuj yog ib hom kev sib npaug uas cov khoom thiab cov tshuaj reactants tsis hloov raws sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv dynamic equilibrium, hais tias tus nqi tsis hloov, tsis txhais hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau nres. Es tsis txhob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tab tom ua hauv txoj hauv kev uas nws khaws cov nyiaj tsis hloov (qhov hloov pauv yog xoom). Tsuas yog lo lus "dynamic equilibrium" txhais tau hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog thim rov qab thiab tseem txuas ntxiv mus. Txhawm rau kom muaj qhov sib npaug sib npaug, lub kaw lus yuav tsum yog kaw, kom tsis muaj zog lossis teeb meem dim ntawm qhov system.
Qhov txawv ntawm Equilibrium thiab Dynamic Equilibrium yog dab tsi?
• Dynamic equilibrium yog hom kev sib npaug.
• Nyob rau hauv ib qho dynamic equilibrium, thaum tus nqi ntawm cov reactants thiab cov khoom tseem tsis hloov, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txuas ntxiv, vim hais tias tus nqi ntawm cov tom ntej thiab rov qab tshwm sim yog tib yam. Nws tuaj yeem muaj qee qhov sib npaug uas cov khoom lag luam thiab cov tshuaj reactant tsis hloov pauv vim tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau nres.
