Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm benzene thiab phenol yog tias phenol muaj -OH pawg nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm hydrogen atom hauv benzene.
Benzene thiab phenol yog cov muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons. Phenol yog ib qho derivative ntawm benzene. Cov qauv Benzene tau pom los ntawm Kekule xyoo 1872. Vim tias lawv cov aromaticity, lawv txawv ntawm aliphatic compound; Yog li, benzene thiab nws cov derivatives yog ib qho kev sib cais ntawm kev kawm hauv organic chemistry.
Benzene yog dab tsi?
Benzene yog ib qho organic compound uas muaj cov tshuaj formula C6H6. Nws tsuas muaj cov pa roj carbon thiab hydrogen atoms npaj los muab cov qauv qauv. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem categorize nws li hydrocarbon. Nws cov qauv thiab qee cov khoom muaj raws li hauv qab no.
- Molecular yuag: 78g mole-1
- Boiling point: 80.1 oC
- Melting point: 5.5 oC
- Density: 0.8765 g cm-3
Benzene yog cov kua tsis muaj xim uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab. Nws yog flammable thiab evaporates sai. Cov tshuaj no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cov kuab tshuaj vim tias nws tuaj yeem yaj ntau cov tshuaj tsis muaj polar. Txawm li cas los xij, benzene yog me ntsis soluble hauv dej.
Cov qauv ntawm benzene yog qhov tshwj xeeb piv rau lwm cov aliphatic hydrocarbons; Yog li, benzene muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Tag nrho cov carbons nyob rau hauv no compound muaj peb sp2hybridized orbitals. Ob sp2 hybridized orbitals ntawm cov pa roj carbon sib tshooj nrog sp2 hybridized orbitals ntawm cov carbons nyob ib sab ntawm ob sab. Lwm yam sp2 hybridized orbital overlaps nrog s orbital ntawm hydrogen los ua ib daim ntawv cog lus. Cov electrons nyob rau hauv p orbitals ntawm ib tug carbon sib tshooj nrog cov p electrons ntawm carbon atoms nyob rau hauv ob sab ua pi bonds. Qhov sib tshooj ntawm cov hluav taws xob no tshwm sim hauv tag nrho rau cov pa roj carbon monoxide, tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm pi bonds, uas tau kis thoob plaws lub nplhaib carbon tag nrho. Yog li, peb hais tias cov electrons no yog delocalized.
Daim duab 01: Benzene
Kev delocalization ntawm cov electrons txhais tau hais tias tsis muaj kev sib hloov ob thiab ib daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li tag nrho cov C-C daim ntawv cog lus ntev yog tib yam, thiab qhov ntev yog nruab nrab ntawm ib thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus ntev. Vim yog delocalization, lub nplhaib benzene ruaj khov thiab tsis kam lees txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv, tsis zoo li lwm cov alkenes.
Qhov chaw ntawm Benzene
Cov peev txheej ntawm benzene yog cov khoom lag luam ntuj lossis ntau yam tshuaj hluavtaws. Lawm, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv petrochemicals xws li roj av los yog roj av. Benzene kuj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv qee cov khoom siv hluavtaws xws li plastics, lubricants, dyes, hluavtaws roj hmab, detergents, tshuaj, luam yeeb thiab tshuaj tua kab. Cov tshuaj no tau tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm hlawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no, yog li lub tsheb tso tawm, lub Hoobkas emissions muaj benzene. Ntxiv mus, benzene tau hais tias yog carcinogenic, yog li raug rau cov qib siab ntawm nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.
Phenol yog dab tsi?
Phenol yog dawb crystalline khoom nrog molecular mis C6H6OH. Nws yog flammable thiab muaj ib tug muaj zog tsw. Nws cov qauv thiab qee cov khoom tau muab hauv qab no.
- Molecular yuag: 94g mole -1
- Boiling point: 181 oC
- Melting point: 40.5 oC
- Density: 1.07 g cm-3
Hauv phenol, hydrogen atom hauv benzene molecule yog hloov nrog ib pawg -OH. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab zoo ib yam li benzene. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov khoom sib txawv vim yog pawg -OH.
Daim duab 02: Phenol
Phenol yog acidic me ntsis (acidic dua li cawv). Thaum nws poob cov hydrogen ntawm pawg -OH, nws tsim cov phenolate ion. Ntxiv mus, nws yog me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv dej, vim hais tias nws muaj peev xwm tsim hydrogen bonds nrog dej. Phenol evaporates qeeb dua dej.
Qhov txawv ntawm Benzene thiab Phenol yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm benzene thiab phenol yog tias phenol muaj -OH pawg nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm hydrogen atom hauv benzene. Benzene yog cov organic compound uas muaj cov tshuaj formula C6H6 thaum Phenol yog dawb crystalline khoom nrog molecular mis C 6 H6OH. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim yog pawg -OH, phenol yog polar dua benzene. Piv rau benzene, phenol yog ntau soluble hauv dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, benzene evaporates sai dua phenol. Lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm benzene thiab phenol yog tias phenol yog acidic thaum benzene tsis yog.
Summary – Benzene vs Phenol
Benzene thiab phenol yog cov tshuaj tsw qab organic. Benzene yog cov organic compound uas muaj cov tshuaj formula C6H6 thaum Phenol yog dawb crystalline khoom nrog molecular mis C 6 H6OH. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm benzene thiab phenol yog tias phenol muaj pawg -OH nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm hydrogen atom hauv benzene.
