Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm atom thiab ion yog lawv cov nqi; atoms yog nruab nrab thaum ions raug them zoo lossis tsis zoo.
Atom yog qhov nruab nrab tsawg tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv cog lus thaum ion yog ib qho molecule them. Ion tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntau lub atoms lossis ib qho atom. Atoms yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tsis sib txawv rau ntau hom thaum ions muaj ob hom xws li ions zoo (cations) thiab tsis zoo ions (anions).
Atom yog dab tsi?
Atom yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov teeb meem, thiab ib qho atom sawv cev rau cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj uas nws muaj. Tag nrho cov pa roj carbon monoxide, cov teeb meem khoom, cov kua thiab cov plasma muaj cov atoms, uas yog cov chav me me uas nws loj yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 100 picometers.
Daim duab 01: Cov qauv dav dav ntawm lub Atom
Thaum xav txog cov qauv ntawm ib lub atom, nws muaj cov nucleus thiab electrons txav ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus. Tsis tas li ntawd, protons thiab neutrons (thiab muaj qee qhov subatomic hais ib yam nkaus) ua rau lub atomic nucleus. Feem ntau, tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons, protons thiab electrons yog sib npaug, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm isotopes, tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons txawv ntawm cov protons. Peb hu ob qho tib si protons thiab neutrons "nucleons".
Nyob ib ncig ntawm 99% ntawm lub atom qhov loj yog nyob rau hauv lub nucleus vim hais tias qhov loj ntawm ib tug electron yuav luag negligible. Ntawm cov subatomic hais, ib tug proton muaj +1 nqi; Ib qho hluav taws xob muaj -1 nqi thiab neutron tsis muaj nqi. Yog hais tias lub atom muaj cov zauv sib npaug ntawm protons thiab electrons, ces tag nrho cov nqi ntawm atom yog xoom; tsis muaj ib tug electron ua rau ib tug +1 nqi thiab ib tug nce ntawm ib tug electron muab -1 nqi rau lub atom.
Ion yog dab tsi?
Ion yog ib hom tshuaj raug nqi. Lawv ib txwm muaj tus lej tsis sib xws ntawm electrons thiab protons. Muaj ob hom ions ua cations thiab anions. Cations muaj tus nqi zoo vim tsis muaj electrons los sib npaug ntawm cov nqi ntawm protons. Anions, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj ntau tus lej ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab muaj cov nqi tsis zoo.
Daim duab 02: Anion
Ions muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho peb theem ntawm teeb meem; khoom, kua thiab roj theem. Qee cov ions yog ib qho atoms nrog tus nqi, tab sis feem ntau, ions yog polyatomic.
Qhov txawv ntawm Atom thiab Ion yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm atom thiab ion yog tus nqi. Atom yog hluav taws xob nruab nrab thaum ion yog hluav taws xob. Atom yeej ib txwm muaj ib tug sib npaug ntawm electrons thiab protons, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug ion, tus naj npawb ntawm electrons thiab protons yeej ib txwm sib txawv. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov nqi zoo ib qho ion tuaj yeem muaj yog 6; tus nqi siab tshaj plaws yog 3. Qhov no tshwm sim vim ob yam. Thawj qhov laj thawj yog qhov poob ntawm electrons, uas ua rau muaj qhov zoo ions. Lwm qhov laj thawj yog qhov nce ntawm electrons, ua rau tsis zoo ions. Atoms ib txwm muaj atomic orbitals thaum ions muaj atomic orbitals lossis molecular orbitals lossis ob qho tib si atomic thiab molecular orbitals. Qhov no yog lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm atom thiab ion. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov atoms tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog nyob rau theem gaseous xwb, tab sis ions tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv theem gaseous, kua theem thiab zoo li hauv cov theem khoom.
Summary – Atom vs Ion
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm atom thiab ion yog tus nqi. Atom yog hluav taws xob nruab nrab thaum ion yog hluav taws xob. Ib lub atom yeej ib txwm muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov electrons thiab protons, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib qho ion, tus naj npawb ntawm electrons thiab protons yeej ib txwm sib txawv.
Image Courtesy:
1. "Atom" Los Ntawm Svdmolen/Jeanot (hloov los ntawm Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Lub Plawv) - Duab: Atom-p.webp
2. "Carbonat-Ion" Los ntawm NEUROtiker ⇌ - Tus kheej ua haujlwm, Public Domain) ntawm Commons Wikimedia
