Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tiam tom ntej sequencing yog qhov kev sib txuas ntawm rab phom yog ib txoj hauv kev sib txuas uas random lov cov DNA sequences rau ntau qhov me me thiab rov sib sau ua ke los ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov cheeb tsam sib tshooj thaum lub sij hawm tom ntej Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib txuas caj ces uas nyob ntawm capillary electrophoresis.
Sequencing yog cov txheej txheem uas txiav txim siab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm nucleotides hauv cov noob, pawg ntawm cov noob, chromosome, thiab tag nrho genome. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev hauv kev tshawb fawb genomic, kev tshawb fawb forensic, virology, biological systematic, kev kuaj mob, biotechnology thiab ntau lwm yam kev lag luam los tshuaj xyuas cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov noob thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau hom kev sib txuas ua ke muaj. Shotgun Sequencing thiab Next Generation Sequencing yog ob txoj hauv kev siab heev ntawm lawv.
Dab tsi yog Shotgun Sequencing?
Shotgun sequencing yog ib txoj hauv kev sib txuas ua ke uas random lov DNA sequences ntawm tag nrho cov chromosome los yog tag nrho cov genome rau hauv ntau me me fragments thiab reassembles cov sequences los ntawm computers los ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov sib tshooj sib tshooj los yog cheeb tsam. Feem ntau, mammalian genomes yog structurally complex thiab loj nyob rau hauv loj. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog ib qho nyuaj rau ua raws li los ntawm cloning vim nws yog lub sij hawm-siv. Shotgun sequencing yog ib txoj kev sai. Nws tseem pheej yig dua los nqa tawm. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no cia siab rau txoj kev tua phom sib luag los daws cov genomes nyuaj.
Daim duab 01: Shotgun Sequencing
Shotgun sequencing txheej txheem yog qhov yooj yim piv. Nws pib nrog fragmenting tag nrho cov genome rau hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg los ntawm 20-kilo bases mus rau 300-kilo bases. Tom qab ntawd txhua qhov thiab txhua qhov ntu yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav siv txoj kev txiav cov saw hlau. Tom qab sib sau ua ke, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los sib sau ua ke cov khoom tawg los ntawm kev saib cov cheeb tsam sib tshooj uas siv cov khoos phis tawj zoo tshaj plaws. Cov paib qhia thiab cloning ntawm sequences tsis tsim nyog rau txoj kev no. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv daim ntawv qhia caj ces tsis tshwm sim hauv txoj kev no. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li tsis muaj kev siv genome maps uas twb muaj lawm, kev ua yuam kev thaum lub sij hawm sib dhos yuav tshwm sim ntau dua. Nws yog ib qho ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom luv luv muab cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj rau txhua tus nyeem hauv cov qauv no. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txhaj tshuaj phom sij tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov ntaub ntawv txaus los txiav txim siab qhov kev pom zoo raws li tus qauv xav tau ntawm qhov raug.
Txawm hais tias muaj qhov tsis zoo li hais los saum toj no, txoj kev txhaj tshuaj tua kab mob yog tam sim no yog lub tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sib txuas cov kab mob microbial, suav nrog cov kab mob, kab mob, thiab cov poov xab. Nws yog vim tias lawv cov genomes tsis muaj cov cheeb tsam rov ua dua uas nyuaj rau kev ua ntu zus, thiab nws tuaj yeem sib sau cov genomes yooj yim rau hauv chromosomes yam tsis muaj qhov yuam kev.
Tam sim no Sequencing yog dab tsi?
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) yog ib lo lus siv los xa mus rau cov txheej txheem kev sib tw ua ntu zus niaj hnub no. Nws piav txog ntau yam kev sib txawv niaj hnub sib txawv uas tau hloov pauv kev tshawb fawb genomic thiab Molecular Biology. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog Illumina sequencing, Roche 454 sequencing, Ion Proton sequencing thiab SOLiD (Sequencing by Oligo Ligation Detection) sequencing. NGS systems yog ceev dua thiab pheej yig dua. Plaub lub ntsiab DNA sequencing txoj kev yog siv nyob rau hauv NGS systems: pyrosequencing, sequencing los ntawm synthesis, sequencing los ntawm ligation thiab ion semiconductor sequencing. Ntau tus DNA lossis RNA strands (ntau lab ntawm) tuaj yeem ua ke ua ke los ntawm NGS. Nws tso cai rau kev sib luag ntawm tag nrho cov genome ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub sijhawm luv luv.
Daim duab 02: Lwm Tiam Ib Sim
NGS muaj qhov zoo sib txawv. Nws yog cov txheej txheem kev kub ceev, muaj tseeb dua thiab tus nqi tsim nyog uas tuaj yeem ua nrog cov qauv me me. Li no, nws ua rau kev tsom xam ntawm tag nrho tib neeg genome hauv ib qho kev sim ua ke. Tsis tas li ntawd, NGS tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb metagenomic, hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov kev hloov pauv hauv ib tus neeg genome vim kev ntxig thiab tshem tawm, thiab lwm yam, thiab hauv kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov kab mob gene. Ntxiv mus, NGS tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov ntawv sau los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntau ib txhij. Li no, NGS tau hloov pauv qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm cov ntawv sau tseg.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Shotgun Sequencing thiab Next Generation Sequencing?
- Shotgun sequencing and next generation sequencing is two genome sequencing method.
- Ob txoj kev yog txoj kev nrawm.
- Ntxiv mus, lawv yog txoj hauv kev siv nyiaj.
- Lawv muaj peev xwm ua raws ntau DNA tawg ua ke.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm Kev Txhaum Txhaum Txhaum Cai thiab Kev Sib Tw Lwm Tiam?
Phom phom sib luag thiab cov tiam tom ntej sequencing yog ob txoj kev sib txuas ua ke. Shotgun sequencing method randomly breaks DNA sequences of the tag nrho chromosome or tag nrho genome into many me fragments and reassembles the sequences by computers through observe the overlapping sequences or regions. Hauv qhov sib piv, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) yog ib lo lus uas hais txog cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas ua ntu zus niaj hnub no. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev sib txuas rau tiam tom ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, tiam tom ntej sequencing yog cov txheej txheem uas nyob ntawm capillary electrophoresis, thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis nyob ntawm. Yog li ntawd, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tiam tom ntej sequencing. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev sib piv rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov tiam tom ntej sequencing yog qhov rhiab heev thiab muaj tseeb.
Summary – Shotgun Sequencing vs Next Generation Sequencing
Shotgun sequencing and next generation sequencing is two sequencing method using in genome sequencing. Ob txoj hauv kev yog cov txheej txheem ceev thiab raug nqi. NGS ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas ntau lab ntawm cov kab ke ib txhij nyob rau hauv txoj hauv kev nrawm los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, phom phom sequencing yuav tsum tau tawg ntawm genomes rau hauv me me fragments thiab sequencing thiab reassembling siv overlapping sequences. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm rab phom thiab cov tiam tom ntej sequencing.
