Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Aspergillus thiab Penicillium yog tias Aspergill peb yog ib hom kab mob ntawm ascomycetes fungi uas muaj ib qho tsis muaj kab mob thiab tsis-septate conidiophore, thaum Penicillium yog lwm hom ntawm ascomycetes fungi uas muaj ceg, septate thiab txhuam zoo li. conidiophore.
Ascomycota yog ib lub phylum ntawm Kingdom Fungi. Qhov tseeb, nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws phylum ntawm fungi nrog txog 64,000 hom tau piav qhia. Lawv yog filamentous septate fungi. Lawv rov tsim dua los ntawm ascospores tsim nyob rau hauv lub hnab zoo li tus qauv hu ua ascus. Feem ntau ascomycetes fungi ua symbiotic kev sib raug zoo nrog algae los yog cyanobacteria, tsim lichens. Ntxiv mus, lawv pab tsim mycorrhizae thiab. Qee cov ascomycetes tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob thaum qee tus ua cov kab mob hauv cov noob caj noob ces thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm tes. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, ntau hom kab mob ua rau cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu. Ntawm ntau yam sib txawv ntawm ascomycetes, Aspergillus thiab Penicillium yog ob hom nrov thiab tseem ceeb.
Aspergillus yog dab tsi?
Aspergillus yog ib hom kab mob ntawm ascomycetes fungi feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv av thiab lwm qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv organic. Nws muaj txog 300 hom pwm uas tau txheeb xyuas. Feem ntau ntawm cov hom Aspergillus reproduce asexually los ntawm kev tsim ntawm asexual spores. Lwm hom tsiaj siv txoj kev sib deev. Aspergillus hom muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam. Lawv tus nqi nyob rau hauv kev lag luam-scale organic acid thiab enzyme ntau lawm. Citric acid yog ib qho ntawm cov organic acids loj uas tsim los ntawm A. niger. Tshaj li 99% ntawm lub ntiaj teb citric acid ntau lawm tshwm sim nrog kev siv Aspergillus fungal hom. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem fermentation, Aspergillus hom synthesize enzymes xws li qabzib oxidase, lysozyme, amylase, pectinases, proteases, thiab lactase, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam thaum tsim cov enzymes hauv kev lag luam.
Daim duab 01: Aspergillus niger
Tsis tas li ntawd, Aspergillus hom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li bio adsorbent rau detoxify thiab decolourize cov dej khib nyiab. Lawv kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv biotransformation ntawm xenobiotics, bioremediation thiab ua cell protein rau pub. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tab sis qee hom Aspergillus kuj ua raws li lub peev xwm biofertilizers, uas tuaj yeem nce cov as-ham hauv av.
Tsis tas li, feem ntau ntawm Aspergillus hom tsis muaj teeb meem tsawg. Tab sis qee hom ua rau aspergillosis, mob ntsws otomycosis, kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab kab mob ntsws, thiab lwm yam.
Penicillium yog dab tsi?
Penicillium yog lwm genus ntawm ascomycetes fungi. Zoo ib yam li Aspergillus, hom Penicillium kuj muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv ib puag ncig. Feem ntau hom Penicillium yog cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob-txhim kho cov fungi uas txhim khu kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Ntxiv mus, Penicillium spp nce kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob Downy Mildew. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee hom Penicillium yog cov tsim tawm cellulase zoo nyob rau hauv submerged fermentation. Yog li, Penicillium hom muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo dua hauv kev hloov pauv biomass ntawm cellulosic biomass rau hauv biofuels thiab biochemicals los hloov fossil fuels los ntawm enzymatic hydrolysis. P. echinulatum thiab P. oxalicum muaj peev xwm tsim cov enzyme β-glucosidase, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam biomass-based biofuel. P. oxalicum tau raug txheeb xyuas tias yog ib qho phosphate solubilizing fungus thiab muaj peev xwm biofertilizer. Ntxiv mus, Penicillium hom muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug bio-tswj tus neeg saib xyuas nyob rau hauv inhibiting kev loj hlob ntawm paus thiab crown rot pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum.
Daim duab 02: Penicillium sp.
Txawm tias hom Penicillium tsis paub tias yuav ua rau muaj kab mob, lawv ua rau cov kab mob qoob loo. Piv txwv li, P. oxalicum tau tshaj tawm tias yog tus neeg sawv cev ua rau xiav pwm hauv txiv lws suav hauv Mexico.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Aspergillus thiab Penicillium?
- Ob qho tib si Aspergillus thiab Penicillium yog ascomycetes fungi.
- Ob leeg yog filamentous fungi, uas yog ubiquitous.
- Lawv muaj peev xwm zoo li biofertilizer.
- Ntxiv mus, lawv yog cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov enzymes, organic acids, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Aspergillus thiab Penicillium yog dab tsi?
Ascomycetes yog sac fungi. Aspergillus thiab Penicillium yog ob hom ntawm ascomycetes. Aspergillus conidiophores yog non-septate thiab unbranched stalks thaum Penicillium conidiophores yog septate thiab branched txhuam zoo li cov qauv. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Aspergillus thiab Penicillium.
Ntxiv mus, cov xim ntawm Aspergillus hom muaj xws li ntsuab, daj, xim av rau dub thaum Penicillium hom feem ntau xiav xim. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm Aspergillus thiab Penicillium.
Hauv qab infographic qhia ntau qhov kev sib piv ntsig txog qhov sib txawv ntawm Aspergillus thiab Penicillium.
Summary
Aspergillus thiab Penicillium yog ob hom ntawm Ascomycetes fungi. Ob hom fungi muaj xws li filamentous fungi. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv feem ntau txawv ntawm conidiophores yam ntxwv. Aspergillus fungi muaj ib qho tsis-septate thiab unbranched conidiophore lossis stalk. Ntawm qhov tod tes, Penicillium hom muaj txhuam zoo li conidiophores thiab muaj septate thiab branched. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Aspergillus thiab Penicillium.
