Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob thiab viroids yog tus kab mob no yog ib qho kab mob uas muaj feem cuam tshuam los ntawm RNA lossis DNA genome thiab cov protein capsid, thaum cov kab mob viroids yog cov kab mob sib kis uas tsim los ntawm ib leeg-stranded ncig RNA molecules.
Muaj ntau hom kab mob sib kis uas ua rau muaj kab mob rau cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu thiab lwm yam kab mob. Ntawm lawv, cov kab mob, fungi, protozoans, viruses, viroids, thiab prions yog cov kab mob kis tau zoo. Cov kab mob thiab kab mob viroids yog qhov me me heev. Ob hom yog obligate parasites. Tus kab mob no suav nrog RNA lossis DNA genome ncig los ntawm cov protein capsid. Txawm li cas los xij, viroids yog ib leeg-stranded ncig RNA molecules. Lawv tsis muaj cov protein capsids. Ib yam li ntawd, muaj ntau qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob thiab viroids. Li no, kab lus no yog nyob rau ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kab mob thiab viroids.
Tus kab mob yog dab tsi?
Ib tus kab mob no yog ib qho kab mob hauv lub cev. Nws nyob thiab replicates nyob rau hauv lub cell. Cov kab mob tuaj yeem nkag mus thiab kis rau tsiaj, nroj tsuag, fungi, protists thiab cov kab mob xws li kab mob thiab archaea. Tus kab mob no suav nrog lub tsho tiv no ntawm cov protein thiab lub hauv paus nucleic acid. Lub tsho tiv no cov protein, tseem hu ua capsid, muaj cov subunits hu ua capsomeres. Lub hauv paus nucleic acid core muaj RNA lossis DNA. Ntxiv nrog rau cov protein capsid, qee cov kab mob muaj ib qho ntxiv uas muaj lipids hu ua lub hnab ntawv. Lawv raug hu ua cov kab mob hauv lub hnab, thaum lwm tus uas tsis muaj lub hnab ntawv yog cov kab mob liab qab.
Daim duab 01: Virus
Tus qauv kab mob kuj muaj ntau hom kev kwv yees. Cov kev ntsuas no feem ntau yog glycoproteins. Qee qhov tshwm sim li spikes raws li lawv nyias, qhov ntev ntev thaum lwm tus yog peplomers, uas yog qhov dav dav. Coronavirus muaj peplomer projections uas muaj qhov zoo ib yam li cloverleaf. Adenovirus muaj ib hom kab mob loj ntawm qhov projections uas nyias thiab ntev. Sib nrug los ntawm kev kwv yees, cov tsho tiv thaiv protein, hnab ntawv thiab nucleic acids, qee cov kab mob kuj muaj lwm cov qauv ntxiv. Piv txwv li, Rhabdoviruses muaj cov protein lattice hu ua matrix hauv qab lawv lub hnab ntawv. M protein yog cov protein tseem ceeb uas ua rau matrix, thiab nws muab rigidity rau tus kab mob.
Viruses tsis muaj peev xwm tsim lub zog. Tab sis, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob yog xa lossis hloov nws tus kab mob genome mus rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes, tso cai rau kev sau ntawv thiab txhais lus coj mus rau hauv tus tswv tsev.
Vim yog dab tsi?
Viroid yog ib qho kab mob sib kis ib leeg-stranded ncig RNA particle. Tus thawj viroid tau txheeb xyuas yog Qos spindle Tuber Viroid (PsTVd). Txog tam sim no, peb caug-peb hom viroids tau raug txheeb xyuas. Viroids tsis muaj protein capsid lossis lub hnab ntawv. Lawv tsuas muaj RNA molecules. Txij li cov viroids yog RNA hais, cov ribonucleases tuaj yeem zom cov viroids. Qhov loj ntawm tus kab mob viroid yog me dua li cov kab mob sib kis. Ntxiv mus, viroids xav tau ib lub xov tooj ntawm tes rau kev tsim tawm. Thaum yug me nyuam, lawv tsuas tsim ib leeg-stranded RNA molecules.
Daim duab 02: Kab Mob Viroid
Viroids tsis ua rau tib neeg lossis tsiaj kab mob. Lawv kis tau cov nroj tsuag siab dua, ua rau cov kab mob xws li qos spindle tuber kab mob, chrysanthemum stunt kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Cov kab mob RNA no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua qoob loo tsis ua haujlwm thiab poob ntau lab nyiaj hauv kev ua liaj ua teb txhua xyoo. Qos yaj ywm, dib, txiv lws suav, chrysanthemums, avocado thiab txiv maj phaub xibtes poob rau cov kab mob viroid nquag. Viroid kab mob kis los ntawm kev sib kis kab mob tom qab los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Qee tus kab mob viroid kis tau los ntawm aphids thiab nplooj mus rau nplooj nplooj.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Kab Mob thiab Viroids?
- Ob tus kab mob thiab viroids yog cov kab mob sib kis.
- Lawv yog cov khoom me me.
- Qee tus kab mob muaj ib leeg-stranded RNA zoo ib yam li viroids.
- Ob tus kab mob thiab viroids xav tau tus tswv tsev los tsim thiab rov ua dua.
- Qee tus kab mob thiab txhua tus kab mob viroids kis rau cov nroj tsuag.
- Cov kab mob cog thiab kab mob kis tau yooj yim ntawm ib tsob ntoo mus rau lwm qhov nrog rau cov nroj tsuag cog qoob loo.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, cog RNA cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob viroids rov ua dua los ntawm ob-stranded RNA intermediate.
- Kev kuaj mob kom raug yog tus yuam sij rau kev tswj cov kab mob thiab kab mob viroids.
Qhov txawv ntawm Kab Mob thiab Viroids yog dab tsi?
Tus kab mob yog ib qho kab mob sib kis uas muaj cov nucleic acid genome thiab protein capsid. Ntawm qhov tod tes, viroids yog cov kab mob kis tau tsuas yog los ntawm ib leeg-stranded RNA molecules. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob thiab viroids. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob kis tau rau txhua hom kab mob nyob, suav nrog tsiaj txhu thiab tib neeg, thaum cov kab mob kis mus rau cov nroj tsuag siab dua. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob thiab viroids.
Ntxiv mus, cov kab mob viroids me dua cov kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob thiab cov kab mob viroids yog tias cov viroids tsis muaj protein ntau capsids; yog li ntawd, lawv tsis tsim cov proteins thaum lub sij hawm replication.
Hauv qab infographic qhia cov ntsiab lus ntxiv txog qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kab mob thiab viroids.
Summary – Virus vs Viroids
Kab mob thiab kab mob viroids yog cov kab mob sib kis uas me me heev. Cov kab mob muaj ob qho tib si nucleic acid genome thiab lub tsho tiv thaiv protein. Tab sis, viroids tsuas muaj ib leeg-stranded RNA molecules. Lawv tsis muaj protein ntau capsid. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob thiab viroids. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv kuj txawv ntawm lawv cov kab mob hauv lub cev. Cov kab mob kis tau rau txhua hom kab mob thaum cov kab mob kis tsuas yog cov nroj tsuag siab dua.
