Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm TGF alpha thiab beta yog tias TGF alpha yog ib qho kev loj hlob ntawm cov epidermal uas ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov epithelial thaum TGF beta yog ib qho kev loj hlob ntawm cytokine uas koom nrog ntau txoj hauv kev hauv lub xovtooj ntawm tes.
TGF alpha thiab beta yog ob chav kawm ntawm polypeptide kev loj hlob yam uas koom nrog ntau txoj haujlwm ntawm tes. Ob qho tib si kev loj hlob no ua los ntawm kev taw qhia cascade los hloov cov haujlwm ntawm tes. Txawm hais tias lawv qhia cov lus teb zoo sib xws, lawv txawv ntawm lawv cov caj ces thiab cov qauv. Qhov tseeb, ob hom kab sib txawv rau ob qho kev loj hlob no. Amino acid ib ntus thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov kab ke kuj txawv ntawm ob cov proteins no.
TGF Alpha yog dab tsi?
Transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha yog ib qho protein uas ua raws li kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. TGFA gene codes rau TGF alpha protein. Nws yog mitogenic polypeptide saw. Phosphorylation activates daim ntawv tsis muaj zog ntawm TGF alpha protein rau hauv daim ntawv nquag. Lub precursor TGF alpha molecule yog transmembrane precursor uas muaj 160 amino acids. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj ib feem ntawm hydrophobic (transmembrane domain) thiab hydrophilic cytosolic domain. Nws synthesis feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub plab mucosa. Cells xws li macrophages, hlwb hlwb thiab keratinocytes nqa tawm ntawm TGF alpha.
Figure 01: TGF Alpha
TGF alpha ua raws li ligand rau lub epidermal kev loj hlob yam receptor (EGFR) thiab pib teeb liab cascades rau cov txheej txheem xws li cell proliferation, cell sib txawv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tes. TGF alpha kuj koom nrog ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav thiab txhawb nqa angiogenesis hauv cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Yog li, hauv cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, muaj ntau dhau ntawm TGF alpha piv rau cov hlwb noj qab haus huv.
TGF Beta yog dab tsi?
TGF beta yog cytokine. Muaj peb isoforms ntawm TGF beta li TGF Beta 1, 2 thiab 3. Lawv yog cov proteins loj xws li ntawm 380 amino acids mus rau 412 amino acids. Ntxiv mus, cov noob TGFB1, TGFB2 thiab TGFB3 code rau cov isoforms ntawm TGF beta cytokines. Kev tsim cov TGF beta isoforms tshwm sim hauv txhua hom kab mob ntshav dawb.
Figure 02: TGF Beta
TGF beta cytokines khi rau hom 2 receptor kinases. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau txais phosphorylation. Thaum phosphorylation, lawv tau txais lub peev xwm rau phosphorylate hom 1 receptor kinases. Los ntawm cov teeb liab cascade, TGF beta cytokines koom nrog ntau yam haujlwm xws li kev tswj hwm ntawm tes, induction ntawm transcription, chemotaxis thiab ua kom muaj ntau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm TGF Alpha thiab Beta?
- TGF Alpha thiab Beta yog ob chav kawm ntawm polypeptide kev loj hlob yam.
- Lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov amino acids.
- Kev khi rau cov receptors yog qhov tsim nyog los qhib ob qho proteins.
- Lawv tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv phosphorylation raws li kev khi rau lawv cov receptors los ua kom cov teeb liab cascades.
- Ob leeg hloov cov caj ces ntawm cov proteins thiab tswj cov kev ua ntawm tes.
- Ntxiv mus, ob qho tib si ua haujlwm hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov hlwb.
- Tsis tas li, lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev mob qog noj ntshav.
Qhov txawv ntawm TGF Alpha thiab Beta yog dab tsi?
TGF alpha thiab beta yog ob qho kev loj hlob ntawm polypeptide. TGF alpha yog ib qho kev loj hlob ntawm epidermal uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm epithelial thaum TGF beta yog ib qho kev loj hlob ntawm cytokine uas koom nrog ntau txoj hauv kev qhia txog kev tswj hwm ntawm tes thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm TGF alpha thiab beta.
Ntxiv mus, txawm hais tias ob qho tib si yog cov protein, lawv txawv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov amino acid ib ntus. TGF alpha protein muaj ib ntu ntawm 160 amino acids, thaum TGF beta isoforms muaj ib ntus ntawm 380 txog 421 amino acids. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm TGF alpha thiab beta.
Cov hauv qab no infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm TGF alpha thiab beta, ua tiav.
Summary – TGF Alpha vs Beta
TGF alpha thiab beta ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev xa cov teeb liab los hloov cov haujlwm ntawm tes hauv kev teb rau ntau yam kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm TGF alpha thiab beta yog tias TGF alpha ua haujlwm zoo li kev loj hlob ntawm epithelial, qhov TGF beta ua raws li cytokine. Lawv raug encoded los ntawm cov noob sib txawv; li no, lawv tsis qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm caj ces. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev khi ntawm ob qho tib si TGF alpha thiab beta rau lawv cov receptors yog qhov tsim nyog los qhib lawv thiab koom nrog cov teeb liab cascade hauv lub cell. Tsis tas li ntawd, TGF alpha thiab beta ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm TGF alpha thiab beta.
