Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm electronegativity thiab polarity yog tias electronegativity yog qhov nyiam ntawm ib lub atom los nyiam cov electrons nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv cog lus rau nws, whereas polarity txhais tau tias kev sib cais ntawm cov nqi.
Polarity tshwm sim vim qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity. Yog li ntawd, ob lo lus no yog cov ntsiab lus zoo sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity thiab polarity. Ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm electronegativity thiab polarity yog tias electronegativity piav txog cov kev nyiam ntawm cov qib atomic thaum lub polarity piav txog cov kev nyiam ntawm cov qib molecular.
Electronegativity yog dab tsi?
Electronegativity yog qhov nyiam ntawm lub atom los nyiam cov electrons hauv daim ntawv cog lus rau nws. Yeej, qhov no qhia tau hais tias "zoo li" ntawm ib lub atom ntawm cov electrons. Peb tuaj yeem siv Pauling nplai los qhia qhov electronegativity ntawm cov khoom.
Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, electronegativity hloov raws li ib tug qauv. Los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis, ntawm ib lub sij hawm, electronegativity nce. Los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab, ntawm ib pawg, electronegativity txo. Yog li, fluorine yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws nrog tus nqi ntawm 4.0 ntawm Pauling nplai. Pawg ib thiab ob lub ntsiab muaj tsawg electronegativity; Yog li, lawv zoo li tsim cov ions zoo los ntawm kev muab cov electrons. Txij li thaum pawg 5, 6, 7 cov ntsiab lus muaj tus nqi electronegativity ntau dua, lawv nyiam coj cov electrons hauv thiab los ntawm cov ions tsis zoo.
Daim duab 01: Electronegativity ntawm Elements nyob rau hauv Lub Sijhawm Table
Electronegativity kuj tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab qhov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv cog lus. Yog tias ob lub atoms hauv daim ntawv cog lus tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity, ces daim ntawv cog lus yuav tsim. Yog tias qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity ntawm ob yog siab, ces daim ntawv cog lus ionic yuav tsim.
Polarity yog dab tsi?
Polarity tshwm sim vim qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity ntawm atoms. Thaum ob ntawm tib lub atom los yog atoms muaj tib lub electronegativity tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ntawm lawv, cov atoms rub lub electron khub nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo sib xws. Yog li ntawd, lawv nyiam sib koom cov electrons, thiab hom nonpolar bonds yog hu ua covalent bonds. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ob lub atom sib txawv, lawv cov electronegativities feem ntau sib txawv. Tab sis qhov degree ntawm qhov sib txawv yuav siab dua los yog qis dua. Yog li ntawd, cov sib koom ua ke electron khub yog rub ntau dua los ntawm ib lub atom piv rau lwm lub atom koom ua cov ntawv cog lus. Yog li, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev faib tsis sib npaug ntawm electrons ntawm ob lub atoms. Ntxiv mus, cov hom ntawm covalent bonds yog hu ua polar bonds.
Vim vim qhov sib koom tsis sib xws ntawm cov hluav taws xob, ib lub atom yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo me ntsis, qhov lwm atom yuav muaj qhov zoo me ntsis. Hauv qhov piv txwv no, peb hais tias cov atoms tau txais ib feem tsis zoo lossis ib nrab tus nqi zoo. Lub atom nrog lub siab dua electronegativity tau txais ib feem tsis zoo nqi, thiab lub atom nrog lub qis electronegativity yuav tau txais ib nrab nqi zoo. Polarity hais txog kev sib cais ntawm cov nqi. Cov molecules no muaj lub sijhawm dipole.
Daim duab 2: Kev Sib cais ntawm C-F Bond; Fluorine yog Electronegative ntau dua Carbon
Nyob hauv ib lub molecule, yuav muaj tsawg kawg yog ib daim ntawv cog lus lossis ntau dua. Qee daim ntawv cog lus yog polar thaum qee qhov tsis yog polar. Rau ib lub molecule los ua polar, txhua daim ntawv cog lus yuav tsum sib sau ua ib qho kev faib tawm tsis sib xws hauv cov molecule.
Polar Molecules
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov molecules muaj cov geometries sib txawv, yog li kev faib cov ntawv cog lus kuj txiav txim siab qhov polarity ntawm cov molecule. Piv txwv li, hydrogen chloride yog ib tug polar molecule nrog tsuas yog ib daim ntawv cog lus. Dej molecule yog ib tug polar molecule nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus. Lub sijhawm dipole nyob rau hauv cov molecules yog ruaj khov vim tias lawv tau tshwm sim vim qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity. Tab sis, muaj lwm cov molecules uas tuaj yeem ua polar tsuas yog qee lub sijhawm. Ib qho molecule nrog lub dipole mus tas li tuaj yeem ua rau lub dipole nyob rau hauv lwm yam tsis-polar molecule, ces qhov ntawd kuj yuav dhau los ua ib ntus polar molecules. Txawm nyob rau hauv ib lub molecule, qee qhov kev hloov pauv yuav ua rau lub sijhawm dipole ib ntus.
Qhov txawv ntawm Electronegativity thiab polarity yog dab tsi?
Electronegativity yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm qhov nyiam ntawm lub atom los nyiam ib khub ntawm electrons thaum polarity yog cov cuab yeej ntawm muaj ncej lossis polar. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm electronegativity thiab polarity yog qhov electronegativity yog qhov nyiam ntawm ib lub atom los nyiam cov electrons hauv kev sib txuas ntawm nws, qhov polarity yog qhov sib cais ntawm cov nqi.
Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm electronegativity thiab polarity yog qhov electronegativity piav qhia txog kev nyiam ntawm cov qib atomic thaum lub polarity piav qhia txog kev nyiam ntawm cov qib molecular. Yog li ntawd, qhov attraction ntawm lub atomic nucleus thiab sab nraud electrons yog vim li cas rau lub atom kom muaj ib tug electronegativity nqi; Yog li, nws txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm electronegativity. Tab sis, polarity yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cov nqi hauv ib daim ntawv cog lus vim qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity qhov tseem ceeb ntawm atoms.
Hauv qab infographic qhia cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity thiab polarity.
Summary – Electronegativity vs Polarity
Electronegativity thiab polarity yog cov ntsiab lus cuam tshuam; electronegativity ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv ib tug molecule txiav txim lub polarity ntawm lub molecule. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm electronegativity thiab polarity yog tias electronegativity yog qhov nyiam ntawm ib lub atom los nyiam cov electrons nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv cog lus rau nws, whereas polarity txhais tau tias kev sib cais ntawm cov nqi.
