Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm proton thiab electron yog tias proton yog ib qho subatomic particle pom nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm ib lub atom, whereas electrons yog hais orbiting lub nucleus.
Atoms yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm tag nrho cov khoom uas twb muaj lawm. Lub atom muaj ib tug nucleus, uas muaj protons thiab neutrons. Electrons ncig lub nucleus hauv orbitals. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj lwm yam me me subatomic hais nyob rau hauv lub nucleus. Feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw hauv ib qho atom yog khoob. Lub zog txaus nyiam ntawm cov nucleus uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo (tus nqi zoo vim yog cov protons) thiab cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo tuav lub atom zoo li.
YProton yog dab tsi?
Proton yog ib qho subatomic particle hauv atoms 'nucleus thiab muaj cov nqi zoo. Peb feem ntau denote nws los ntawm p. Thaum cov kws tshawb fawb pom cov hluav taws xob, lawv tsis muaj lub tswv yim txog ib qho hu ua proton. Goldstein nrhiav pom ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo uas tau tsim los ntawm cov pa roj. Cov no tau hu ua anode rays. Tsis zoo li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov no muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nqi sib txawv nyob ntawm seb cov roj siv. Tom qab ntau yam kev sim los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb, thaum kawg, Rutherford nrhiav pom cov proton hauv xyoo 1917.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov protons hauv ib lub atom ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj muab nws tus lej atomic. Nws yog vim hais tias tus naj npawb atomic yog sib npaug rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov protons uas muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov nucleus. Piv txwv li, tus naj npawb atomic ntawm sodium yog 11; Yog li, sodium muaj kaum ib electrons nyob rau hauv lub nucleus.
Daim duab 01: Cov qauv dav dav ntawm lub Atom
Ntxiv mus, proton muaj +1 tus nqi, thiab nws qhov hnyav yog 1.6726 × 10 −27 kg. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj peb quarks, ob lub nce quarks thiab ib tug down quark. Nws yog ib tug ruaj khov particle vim hais tias nws decaying lifetime yog ntev heev. Cov ntsiab lus yooj yim hydrogen tsuas muaj ib qho proton xwb. Thaum lub hydrogen atom tso nws cov electron, nws tsim ib H + ion, uas muaj ib tug proton. Yog li, hauv chemistry, lo lus "proton" yog hais txog H + ion. H + yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid-base thiab yog hom kab mob uas tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Muaj ntau tshaj ib tug proton nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lwm yam tsuas yog hydrogen. Feem ntau, hauv nruab nrab atoms, tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo sib xws.
Electron yog dab tsi?
Ib qho hluav taws xob muaj lub cim e thiab muaj qhov tsis zoo (-1) hluav taws xob. Qhov loj ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob yog 9.1093 × 10 -31kg, uas ua rau nws lub teeb tshaj plaws subatomic particle. Electron tau tshawb pom los ntawm J. J. Thompson xyoo 1897, thiab lub npe tau muab los ntawm Stoney. Kev tshawb pom ntawm cov hluav taws xob yog qhov hloov pauv hauv kev tshawb fawb raws li nws tau coj mus rau kev piav qhia ntawm hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg sib nqus, cov khoom sib nqus, thermal conductivity, spectroscopy, thiab ntau lwm yam tshwm sim. Electrons nyob rau hauv orbitals ntawm atoms thiab lawv muaj opposite spin.
Cov electrons nyob rau hauv lub orbital muaj xws li khub ntawm electrons. Txhua khub muaj ob lub electrons nrog rov qab tig. Kev npaj ntawm electrons hauv orbitals tuaj yeem muab rau hauv electron configuration. Piv txwv li, hydrogen atom tsuas muaj ib qho hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv nws 1s orbital; Yog li, lub teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog 1s1. Cov electrons hauv ib lub atom muaj ob hom: core electrons thiab valence electrons. Cov tub ntxhais electrons nyob rau hauv lub puab orbitals thiab tsis koom nyob rau hauv chemical bonding. Valence electrons nyob rau sab nraud orbitals thiab ncaj qha koom nrog kev sib txuas tshuaj.
Qhov txawv ntawm Proton thiab Electron yog dab tsi?
Proton yog subatomic particle nyob rau hauv atoms 'nucleus thiab muaj ib tug zoo xwb thaum electron yog ib tug subatomic particle nrog lub cim e thiab ib tug tsis zoo (-1) hluav taws xob nqi. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm proton thiab electron yog tias proton yog subatomic particle tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm lub atom, thaum electrons orbit lub nucleus. Ntxiv mus, qhov loj ntawm ib tug proton yog 1.6726 × 10 −27 kg thaum lub loj ntawm ib tug electron yog 9.1093 × 10 −31 kg. Yog li, electrons 'mas yog 1/1836 ntawm qhov loj ntawm ib tug proton.
Dhau li, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm proton thiab electron yog tias cov protons tsis txav tab sis cov electrons txav tsis tu ncua nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus. Protons tsis koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem pab hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear thaum cov hluav taws xob ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm proton thiab electron.
Summary – Proton vs Electron
Protons thiab electrons yog subatomic hais nyob rau hauv ib lub atom. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm qhov tseem ceeb subatomic particle hauv atoms yog neutron. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm proton thiab electron yog tias cov protons yog subatomic hais tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug nucleus ntawm ib tug atom, whereas electrons yog subatomic hais orbiting lub nucleus.
