Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qib hluav taws xob thiab lub zog hluav taws xob yog qhov hluav taws xob muaj nyob ntawm qib atomic thaum lub zog hluav taws xob muaj nyob ntawm qib molecular.
Cov ntsiab lus qib zog thiab lub zog hluav taws xob muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ib leeg, tab sis muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv. Raws li quantum physics, confined hais xws li electrons muaj quantized zog (discrete qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog). Peb hu cov txiaj ntsig tsis sib xws li qib zog. Ntawm qhov tod tes, lub zog band yog kev sib txuas ua ke ntawm ntau qib zog.
Qib Zog yog dab tsi?
Qib Zog yog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob muaj nuj nqis ntawm atom. Ib lub atom muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas nyob hauv kev txav mus tas li nyob ib puag ncig lub atomic nucleus. Cov electrons no muaj lub zog tsis sib xws; Yog li, peb hais tias lub zog yog quantized. Peb hu rau txhua tus nqi hluav taws xob muaj nuj nqis ib qib zog.
Ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem hu rau qib zog ntawm lub plhaub lub zog vim tias nws yog thaj chaw uas qee lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm atomic nucleus. Peb muab cov npe rau txhua lub plhaub; Lub zog theem uas ze tshaj plaws rau lub atomic nucleus yog K plhaub, tom ntej no yog L plhaub thiab lwm yam. Raws li quantum physics, cov no yog cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog qhia los ntawm "n".
Daim duab 1: Lub Zog Qib Daim Duab
Txhua qib zog muaj tus lej ruaj khov ntawm electrons. Piv txwv li, thawj theem zog tuaj yeem tuav 2 electrons thaum lub thib ob tuaj yeem tuav 8, qhov thib peb tuaj yeem tuav 18 thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, cov qauv rau kev nrhiav tus naj npawb ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv nth zog theem yog 2(n)2.
Lub zog Band yog dab tsi?
Lub zog hluav taws xob yog kev sib txuas txuas ntxiv ntawm cov qib hluav taws xob ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv cov molecule. Yog li no lo lus no yog siv feem ntau hauv cov lus piav qhia qib molecular. Thaum muaj ntau lub atoms ua ke nrog ib leeg los tsim ib lub molecule, cov electrons tau muab tso rau hauv molecular orbitals. Lub molecular orbital yog hom orbital uas yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lub atomic orbitals.
Daim duab 2: Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm ntawm Zog Bands
Vim tias lub zog theem ntawm atomic orbitals nyob ze, lawv tuaj yeem tsim lub zog txuas ntxiv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Zog Qib thiab Zog Band yog dab tsi?
Qib Zog yog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob muaj nuj nqis ntawm atom. Lub zog hluav taws xob yog ib qho kev sib txuas txuas ntxiv ntawm lub zog ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv ib lub molecule. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qib zog thiab lub zog hluav taws xob yog tias cov qib hluav taws xob muaj nyob ntawm qib atomic thiab lub zog hluav taws xob muaj nyob ntawm qib molecular. Ntxiv mus, lub zog theem yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis sib xws thaum lub zog txuas txuas ntxiv. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm qib zog thiab lub zog band.
Summary – Zog vs Zog Band
Qib Zog thiab lub zog hluav taws xob yog ob lub ntsiab lus ze uas muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qib hluav taws xob thiab lub zog hluav taws xob yog tias lub zog muaj nyob ntawm qib atomic thiab lub zog hluav taws xob muaj nyob ntawm qib molecular.
