Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog cov tshuaj uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog Y zoo li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas muaj peev xwm los khi nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj lawv.
Qhov kev nkag siab tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog rau qee yam ntawm microbiology, pathology, thiab dermatology, tso siab rau kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antigen-antibody. Cov no yog cov tuam tsev ntawm cov hauv paus loj rau kev paub thiab tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab los tawm tsam ntau yam kab mob.
Antigen yog dab tsi?
Ib antigen yog ib yam khoom uas tsim ib qho kev ua si uas ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thaum nkag mus rau lub cev. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua cov molecules zoo li cov proteins lossis cov cell zoo li cov kab mob. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem ua paj ntoos, co toxins, kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov proteins, peptides, thiab polysaccharides yog lawv lub tsev thaiv.
Daim duab 01: Antigen thiab Antibody
Muaj ob yam tseem ceeb ntawm antigens. Ib qho yog tus kheej-antigen (autoantigens), thiab lwm yam yog non-self antigen (tshwj xeeb antigens). Feem ntau, tus kheej-antigens tsis ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis feem ntau lawv tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob raws li cov lus qhia hauv cov kab mob autoimmune. Txhua antigen muaj ib qho epitope lossis thaj chaw ntawm cov antigen uas cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov khoom lossis thaj chaw histocompatibility. Yog li, thaj chaw no ua tus yuam sij rau xauv hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Antibody yog dab tsi?
Ib tus tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov sib txawv me me ntawm cov protein molecule, uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav thiab cov zais zis thiab ua raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim qhov kev daws teeb meem kawg ntawm kev tsis ua haujlwm lossis kev puas tsuaj. B hlwb tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tom qab ntawd, lawv dhau los ua qhov sib txawv rau hauv cov ntshav plasma raws li cov lus teb rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov proteins uas zoo li "Y" zoo li thiab ob txhais tes ntawm "Y" muaj cov paratopes lossis cov xauv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tuaj yeem txuas rau tus yuam sij ntawm epitope ntawm antigens.
Daim duab 02: Hom Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv
Muaj tsib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib txawv ntawm ib leeg vim muaj cov hlua hnyav thiab lub teeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv txawv ntawm lawv cov dej num raws li qhov chaw nyob, kev thauj mus los transplacental, thiab sau lwm qhov rov zoo dua. Cov tsib antibody isotypes yog IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, thiab IgM.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Antigen thiab Antibody?
- Antigens khi nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Yog li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm tawm tsam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ua rau lawv tsis zoo.
- Txhua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov proteins.
- Dhau li ntawm, ob qho tib si tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Ntxiv mus, ob qho tib si noj cov kab mob autoimmune, thiab qhov kawg tshwm sim yog tib yam.
- Lawv yog cov khoom siv microscopic.
Qhov txawv ntawm Antigen thiab Antibody yog dab tsi?
Ib antigen yog ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thaum lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog cov protein tiv thaiv uas tsim los ntawm B hlwb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob txhawm rau tua cov antigens. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm antigen thiab antibody. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj antigen thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov ntawd yog; cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsim los ntawm cov proteins, tab sis cov antigens muaj kev sib txuas ntawm polysaccharides ib yam nkaus.
Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tias, hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-tiv thaiv kab mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua tus yuam sij, thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua lub xauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, antigens tuaj yeem yog cov hlwb, tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis yog cov hlwb. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov no ib yam li qhov sib txawv ntawm antigen thiab antibody. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau muaj ob hom antigens raws li tus kheej-antigens (autoantigens) thiab tsis yog tus kheej antigens (hloov txawv teb chaws antigens). Tab sis, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj tsib pawg tseem ceeb: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, thiab IgM raws li cov proteins tsim.
Summary – Antigen vs Antibody
Ib antigen yog ib yam khoom uas muaj peev xwm ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv ntawm antigens yog paj ntoos, kab mob, kab mob, protozoans, co toxins, proteins, thiab spores. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ob hom antigens uas yog txawv teb chaws antigens lossis autoantigens. Cov antigens txawv teb chaws tuaj sab nraud lub cev thaum autoantigens tuaj hauv lub cev. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib qho immunoglobulin protein uas tsim los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv yog Y zoo li cov proteins. Lawv muaj peev xwm khi nrog antigens thiab ua kom puas lossis nruab nrab kom tsis txhob muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Antigen-antibody kev sib cuam tshuam yog qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab lawv sib raug zoo nrog ib leeg thaum lawv cov duab zoo sib xws. Ntawm no, paratope ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khi nrog lub epitope ntawm antigen. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm antigen thiab antibody.
