DNA cov kab mob muaj DNA ua cov khoom siv caj ces thaum cov kab mob RNA muaj RNA ua cov khoom siv caj ces. Feem ntau, DNA genomes loj dua RNA genomes. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau cov kab mob DNA muaj ob-kab DNA thaum cov kab mob RNA feem ntau muaj ib leeg-stranded RNA. Cov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab RNA cov kab mob.
Viruses yog cov kab mob sib kis uas ua raws li cov kab mob ua haujlwm. Lawv nyob ntawm lwm lub cell nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muab ntau tus lej. Lawv ua tiav lawv cov txheej txheem rov ua dua, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov genome, thiab kev txhais ntawm mRNA cov ntawv sau rau hauv cov protein tom qab kis tus kab mob hauv lub cev. Tsis zoo li lwm yam muaj sia nyob, lawv tsis muaj cov qauv ntawm tes. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog acellular thiab nonliving particles uas yog nyob rau hauv ib pab pawg neeg. Raws li txoj cai, tus kab mob muaj ob lub ntsiab lus: lub hauv paus ntawm nucleic acid thiab cov tshuaj ntsiav protein. Tus kab mob genome muaj xws li DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) lossis RNA (ribonucleic acid). Ib yam li ntawd, nyob ntawm cov genome, cov kab mob tuaj yeem yog cov kab mob DNA lossis cov kab mob RNA. Tsis tas li ntawd, DNA tuaj yeem yog ib leeg stranded lossis ob txoj hlua khi; Nws tuaj yeem ua tau kab lossis ncig.
DNA Viruses yog dab tsi?
DNA cov kab mob yog cov kab mob uas muaj DNA genomes. Qee cov kab mob muaj ob-kab DNA genomes thaum qee qhov muaj ib leeg-stranded DNA genome. Li no, lawv nyob rau pawg 1 thiab pawg 2 ntawm B altimore kev faib tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov genome no tuaj yeem ua kab lossis ntu.
Daim duab 01: DNA Virus
Ntxiv mus, cov kab mob no feem ntau loj, icosahedral, ntim hauv lipoproteins, thiab lawv tsis muaj cov enzymes polymerase. Thaum twg lawv rov ua dua, lawv siv cov tswv tsev DNA polymerases lossis cov kab mob sib kis DNA polymerases. Ntxiv mus, lawv ua rau cov kab mob latent. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov kab mob DNA yog kab mob Herpes, poxviruses, hepadnaviruses, thiab kab mob siab B.
RNA Viruses yog dab tsi?
RNA kab mob yog cov kab mob nrog RNA hauv lawv cov genomes. Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem raug cais ntxiv raws li ib leeg-stranded RNA kab mob thiab ob-stranded RNA kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov kab mob RNA yog ib leeg-tso tseg thiab lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ntxiv rau hauv cov kab mob tsis zoo thiab qhov zoo ntawm RNA. Qhov zoo-sensitive RNA ua haujlwm ncaj qha raws li mRNA. Tab sis txhawm rau ua haujlwm raws li mRNA, qhov tsis zoo RNA yuav tsum siv RNA polymerase los ua ke ua ke, zoo strand.
Daim duab 02: RNA virus - SARS
RNA cov kab mob muaj nyob hauv pawg III, IV, thiab V ntawm B altimore kev faib tawm. Pawg III suav nrog cov kab mob RNA ob npaug thaum pawg IV suav nrog cov kab mob RNA zoo ib leeg. Thaum kawg, pawg V suav nrog cov kab mob tsis zoo-ssRNA. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob retroviruses tseem muaj ib leeg-stranded RNA genome, tab sis lawv tau sau los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm DNA. Yog li ntawd, lawv tsis raug suav hais tias yog cov kab mob RNA. Rhabdovirus, coronavirus, SARS, poliovirus, rhinovirus, kab mob siab A, thiab kab mob khaub thuas, thiab lwm yam, yog qee yam piv txwv ntawm RNA viruses.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm DNA thiab RNA Viruses?
- DNA thiab RNA cov kab mob yog cov kab mob ua haujlwm; yog li ntawd, lawv xav tau ib lub cell uas muaj sia nyob los rov ua dua.
- Tseem, lawv yog cov kab mob sib kis.
- Yog li, lawv ua rau tib neeg, tsiaj txhu, kab mob, thiab nroj tsuag.
- Dhau li ntawd, ob hom muaj ib leeg tso tseg thiab ob lub genomes.
- Thiab, lawv tuaj yeem liab qab lossis ntim cov kab mob.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj cov protein capsids.
- DNA thiab RNA tsis tuaj yeem pom hauv tib tus kab mob.
Qhov txawv ntawm DNA thiab RNA Viruses yog dab tsi?
DNA cov kab mob muaj DNA hauv lawv cov genome thaum cov kab mob RNA muaj RNA hauv lawv cov genome. Tsis zoo li cov kab mob RNA, cov kab mob DNA kis tau lawv cov DNA mus rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm tus tswv tsev cell thiab tsis mus rau hauv cytoplasm ntawm tus tswv tsev cell. Tab sis tus kab mob RNA yog thawj zaug adsorbed rau lub party cell nto, fuses nrog endosome membrane thiab tso tawm cov nucleocapsid rau hauv cytoplasm. Li no, cov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab RNA kab mob.
Tsis tas li ntawd, DNA polymerase enzyme yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem rov ua dua ntawm cov kab mob DNA. Txij li thaum DNA polymerase muaj kev ua kom zoo dua qub, qib kev hloov pauv qis dua hauv cov kab mob DNA. Ntawm qhov tod tes, RNA polymerase yog siv hauv RNA replication txheej txheem ntawm RNA kab mob. Qhov kev hloov pauv yog siab nyob rau hauv cov kab mob RNA vim tias RNA polymerase tsis ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem ua yuam kev thaum lub sijhawm rov ua dua. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab RNA cov kab mob.
Nyob rau hauv DNA kab mob, muaj ob theem nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem transcription thaum ntxov thiab lig transcription. Nyob rau theem pib, mRNAs raug tsim (alpha thiab beta mRNA) thaum nyob rau theem lig, gamma mRNAs raug tsim thiab raug muab txhais ua cytoplasm. Lub sijhawm lig tshwm sim tom qab DNA rov ua dua. Cov theem no tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm RNA kev hloov pauv hauv RNA cov kab mob. RNA cov kab mob txhais mRNAs ntawm tus tswv ribosomes thiab ua rau tag nrho tsib kab mob proteins ib zaug. Yog li, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab RNA kab mob. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, RNA replication ntawm RNA kab mob feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm tus tswv tsev cell thaum DNA replication ntawm DNA viruses tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm lub host cell.
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA thiab RNA kab mob.
Summary – DNA vs RNA Viruses
cov kab mob DNA thiab RNA cov kab mob yog ob hom kab mob tseem ceeb. Raws li lawv cov npe, cov kab mob DNA muaj DNA ua lawv cov khoom siv caj ces thaum cov kab mob RNA muaj RNA ua lawv cov khoom siv caj ces. Yog li, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab RNA kab mob. Feem ntau, DNA genomes loj dua RNA genomes. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau cov kab mob DNA muaj ob-kab DNA thaum cov kab mob RNA feem ntau muaj ib leeg-stranded RNA. Cov kab mob DNA qhia qhov tseeb qhov tseeb thaum cov kab mob RNA qhia txog kev ua yuam kev yuam kev. Tsis tas li ntawd, DNA cov kab mob nyob ruaj khov thiab qhia tau tias muaj kev hloov pauv qis dua thaum cov kab mob RNA tsis ruaj khov thiab qhia tau tias muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dua. Nov yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA thiab RNA kab mob.
