Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm endotoxin thiab exotoxin yog qhov endotoxin yog lipopolysaccharide uas nyob hauv cov kab mob ntawm phab ntsa thaum exotoxin yog cov protein uas zais rau sab nraud ntawm cov kab mob.
Toxigenesis yog txheej txheem tsim cov co toxins los ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob tseem ceeb siv los ua cov kab mob. Muaj ob hom kab mob co toxins xws li endotoxins thiab exotoxins. Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm endotoxin thiab exotoxin structurally raws li tshuaj lom neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv ua txawv ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Feem ntau, endotoxins yog lipopolysaccharides thaum exotoxins yog cov proteins.
Endotoxin yog dab tsi?
Endotoxins yog lipopolysaccharides, uas tuaj yeem pom hauv cov kab mob gram-tsis zoo xws li Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas, Neisseria, Haemophilus influenza, thiab Vibrio cholerae. Hauv cov kab mob gram-tsis zoo, endotoxin muaj nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias ntawm phab ntsa ntawm tes. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob yuav tsum tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb pathogenic kom muaj endotoxins. Cov co toxins no raug tso tawm los ntawm cov kab mob loj hlob los yog tso tawm vim kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob, lossis ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm phagocytic digestion.
Daim duab 01: Endotoxin
Cov lipopolysaccharide complex no muaj cov tub ntxhais polysaccharide saw, O-specific polysaccharide sab saw, thiab cov lipid tivthaiv. Hauv cov lipopolysaccharides no, lipid feem (Lipid A) muaj cov tshuaj lom thaum lub polysaccharide feem muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, vim lawv tsis yog cov proteins, lawv tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm enzymatic.
Ntxiv rau, cov tshuaj endotoxins tsis muaj zog thiab tsawg dua ntawm lawv cov substrate. Tab sis, lawv muaj cua sov ruaj khov. Cov kab mob sab nrauv ntawm cov kab mob yog impermeable rau cov molecules loj thiab hydrophobic molecules thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud. Yog li, endotoxins yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv no. Nws muaj kev ua haujlwm nplaum rau ntawm tus tswv tsev thaum colonizing. Tsis tas li ntawd, endotoxins yog cov antigens tsis zoo.
Exotoxin yog dab tsi?
Exotoxins yog cov proteins uas muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov enzymes. Ua ib qho enzyme, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg biochemical, thiab nws rov siv tau. Ib qho me me ntawm exotoxins txaus los tsim toxicity. Lawv yog secreted rau lub cell nyob ib puag ncig thaum lawv loj hlob exponential los yog thaum lub sij hawm cell lysis. Yog li ntawd, exotoxins suav hais tias yog ib qho khoom siv ntxiv. Ob leeg gram-negative thiab gram-positive kab mob tsim exotoxins.
Exotoxins muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li endotoxins. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tshwj xeeb rau qee hom kab mob. Lawv tsim cov kab mob tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuaj lom. Piv txwv li, Clostridium tetani tsim tetanus toxin. Qee lub sij hawm exotoxins ua nyob rau hauv thaj chaw deb heev los ntawm qhov chaw lawv pib los ntawm kev loj hlob lossis lysis. Exotoxins tuaj yeem rhuav tshem ib feem ntawm tus tswv tsev lossis inhibit lawv txoj haujlwm.
Daim duab 02: Kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau Exotoxins
Muaj peb hom exotoxins: enterotoxins, neurotoxins, thiab cytotoxins. Lawv cov npe muab qhov qhia txog qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Enterotoxins ua rau cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv thaum neurotoxins ua haujlwm ntawm cov neurons, thiab cytotoxins ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tswv tsev. Kab mob cholera, diphtheria, thiab tetanus yog cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm exotoxins. Qhov tseeb, exotoxins yog antigenic heev. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Los ntawm kev ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, lawv tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob kom tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Endotoxin thiab Exotoxin?
- Ob leeg endotoxin thiab exotoxin yog cov kab mob co toxins.
- Lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau kab mob.
Qhov txawv ntawm Endotoxin thiab Exotoxin yog dab tsi?
Endotoxins yog lipopolysaccharides thaum exotoxins yog cov proteins soluble uas tsim los ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem xav txog qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm endotoxin thiab exotoxin. Feem ntau, ob qho tib si gram tsis zoo thiab gram zoo cov kab mob tsim exotoxins thaum tsuas yog cov kab mob gram-tsis zoo tsim cov tshuaj endotoxins. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm endotoxin thiab exotoxin. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm endotoxin thiab exotoxin yog lawv txoj haujlwm ua enzymes; endotoxins tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li enzymes, tab sis exotoxins tuaj yeem ua cov enzymes.
Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm endotoxin thiab exotoxin yog tias cov endotoxins yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm phab ntsa ntawm tes thaum exotoxins yog cov khoom siv ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, endotoxins tsis muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li exotoxins. Tsis tas li ntawd, exotoxins tshwj xeeb rau cov kab mob tshwj xeeb thaum endotoxins tsis yog. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm endotoxin thiab exotoxin. Tsis tas li ntawd, exotoxins tsis muaj cua sov ruaj khov, thaum endotoxins yog cua sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, endotoxins yog cov antigens tsis zoo thaum exotoxins yog antigenic heev. Los ntawm kev txhawb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, exotoxins tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob kom tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj lom thaum endotoxins tsis tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm endotoxin thiab exotoxin.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm endotoxin thiab exotoxin.
Summary – Endotoxin vs Exotoxin
Endotoxin thiab exotoxin yog ob hom co toxins uas tsim los ntawm cov kab mob. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm endotoxin thiab exotoxin yog tias endotoxin yog lipopolysaccharide thaum exotoxin yog protein. Tsis tas li ntawd, endotoxins yog cov cua sov ruaj khov thaum exotoxins yog kub labile. Tsis tas li ntawd, exotoxins ua cov enzymes thaum endotoxins tsis yog. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, endotoxins tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsawg dua antigenic dua li exotoxins. Cov kab mob Gram-negative tsim cov tshuaj endotoxins thaum ob qho tib si gram-tsis zoo thiab cov kab mob zoo tsim exotoxins. Qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm endotoxin thiab exotoxin.
