Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm plasmid thiab chromosome yog tias plasmid yog ib ncig ob-kab ntxiv-chromosomal DNA qauv ntawm cov kab mob thaum chromosome yog cov txheej txheem zoo-zoo li cov qauv uas muaj genomic DNA nruj coiled nrog cov proteins.
Cov kab mob ntawm tes muaj chromosome thiab ntau lub voj voog DNA ntxiv-chromosomal hu ua plasmids. Cov kab mob chromosome muaj cov genomic DNA ntawm cov kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, eukaryotic genomic DNA kuj muaj xws li chromosomes. Tib neeg genome muaj 46 chromosomes. Feem ntau, plasmids muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob thiab archaea. Txawm hais tias cov kab mob muaj plasmids, plasmids tsis muaj cov noob uas tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia ntawm cov kab mob thiab lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, plasmids muaj ntau lub noob uas muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntxiv rau cov kab mob xws li tshuaj tua kab mob, kev tiv thaiv drought, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog los tham txog qhov sib txawv ntawm plasmid thiab chromosome kom ntxaws.
Plasmid yog dab tsi?
Plasmid yog lub voj voog me me DNA molecule tam sim no cov kab mob thiab archaea. Nws yog ib qho DNA ntxiv tshwj tsis yog rau genomic DNA lossis chromosomes. Lub plasmid muaj keeb kwm ntawm replication. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm ntawm nws tus kheej replication, thiab nws tsuas muaj ib tug me me ntawm cov noob. Nws qhov loj me tuaj yeem sib txawv los ntawm tsawg dua 1.0 kb mus rau ntau tshaj 200 kb, tab sis tus naj npawb ntawm plasmid hauv ib lub xovtooj yog qhov tas li ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam. 'copy number' yog hais txog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawm plasmid hauv ib lub xov tooj ntawm cov kab mob. Yog li ntawd, tus lej luam yuav nyob ntawm 1 txog 50, tab sis qhov no txawv ntawm cov kab mob.
Vim tias plasmids tsis muaj genomic DNA, lawv tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob uas lawv nyob. Tab sis cov noob ntawm plasmids muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj sia nyob ntxiv rau cov kab mob. Ntxiv mus, qee cov noob cai rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Piv txwv li; Qee cov Staphylococci muaj plasmid noob uas code rau penicillinase enzyme kom zom penicillin. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv penicillin tshuaj tua kab mob. Hauv Rhizobium leguminosarum, plasmid noob yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov nitrogen fixation thiab nodule tsim.
Daim duab 02: Plasmid
Ntxiv mus, nws tuaj yeem tso cov plasmid rau hauv lwm cov kab mob, thiab yog li ntawd, nws ua haujlwm ua ib feem ntawm cov kab mob hauv tsev. Qhov peev xwm no tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov noob caj noob ces thaum qhia cov noob tseem ceeb rau hauv cov kab mob.
Chromosome yog dab tsi?
Chromosome yog cov xov zoo li cov qauv tsim los ntawm DNA thiab cov proteins. Chromosomes muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kab mob nyob nrog rau cov kab mob thiab eukaryotes. Tsuas muaj ib qho chromosome nyob rau hauv cov kab mob thaum muaj 46 chromosomes nyob rau hauv tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kab mob nyob, genomic DNA tam sim no nyob rau hauv chromosomes.
Yog li ntawd, lawv tseem ceeb heev rau kev ciaj sia thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Hauv cov kab mob, chromosome dawb do ntab hauv cytoplasm thaum nyob hauv cov kab mob eukaryotic, lawv nyob hauv lub nucleus. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau prokaryotic chromosomes, eukaryotic chromosomes muaj ntau txhiab tus noob. Tsis tas li ntawd, eukaryotic chromosomes muaj histone proteins thaum prokaryotic chromosomes tsis muaj histone proteins.
Daim duab 02: Chromosome
Feem ntau, chromosomes tsis pom nyob rau hauv lub tshuab tsom. Tab sis thaum lub cell faib, chromosomes pom zoo li nruj coiled threads thaum lub sij hawm prophase.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Plasmid thiab Chromosome?
- Plasmid thiab chromosome yog ob yam ntawm cov kab mob ntawm tes.
- Ob leeg muaj DNA molecules.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, ob leeg muaj cov noob.
- Dhau li ntawm, kab mob chromosome thiab plasmid yog ob-stranded ncig molecules.
Qhov txawv ntawm Plasmid thiab Chromosome yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm plasmid thiab chromosome yog tias plasmid tsis muaj genomic DNA thaum chromosome muaj genomic DNA. Chromosome yog them nrog cov protein thaum plasmid tsis them nrog cov protein. Yog li, nws yog qhov sib txawv ntawm plasmid thiab chromosome. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm plasmid thiab chromosome yog qhov chromosome yog linear vim nws muaj linear DNA whereas lub plasmid yog ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, chromosomes yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes ua cov ntaub ntawv kab mob, thaum plasmid tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob uas lawv nyob, tab sis cov noob no muab kev ciaj sia ntxiv rau cov kab mob. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm plasmid thiab chromosome.
Tsis tas li ntawd, chromosomes muaj ntau txhiab tus noob, thaum plasmids muaj cov noob me me. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov loj ntawm plasmid tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm tsawg dua 1.0 kb mus rau ntau tshaj 200 kb, thaum chromosome loj loj dua li plasmid. Piv txwv li, qhov loj ntawm chromosome yog qhia hauv Mega-scale. Tsis tas li ntawd, chromosomes muaj centromere thiab ob tug muam chromatids, thaum plasmid tsis muaj chromatids lossis centromere. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm plasmid thiab chromosome. Qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm plasmid thiab chromosome yog lawv daim ntawv thov. Plasmids yog siv los ua cov neeg nqa cov noob mus rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws; Yog li ntawd, siv nyob rau hauv genetic engineering, whereas chromosomes tsis siv raws li cov noob caj noob ces.
Hauv qab infographic ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm plasmid thiab chromosome tabulates tag nrho cov kev sib txawv no rau kev sib piv ceev.
Summary – Plasmid vs Chromosome
Plasmid thiab chromosome yog ob lub qauv tsim los ntawm DNA. Ob hom muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob thaum plasmids feem ntau tsis muaj nyob rau hauv eukaryotes. Plasmid yog ib qho ntxiv-chromosomal DNA voj uas yog ncig thiab ob-stranded DNA. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov chromosome yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm DNA thiab cov proteins. Vim qhov yooj yim ntawm ntim hauv lub nucleus, DNA pob nruj nreem nrog histone proteins thiaj li yuav ua rau chromosomes. Prokaryotes muaj tib lub voj voog chromosome thaum eukaryotes muaj ntau dua ib chromosome. Tib neeg muaj tag nrho ntawm 46 chromosomes hauv lawv cov genome. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm plasmid thiab chromosome.
