Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov carbohydrates thiab cov proteins yog cov monosaccharides lossis cov suab thaj yooj yim yog cov monomers ntawm carbohydrates thaum cov amino acids yog monomers ntawm cov protein.
Carbohydrates thiab proteins yog ob hom macromolecules. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj carbon, hydrogen thiab oxygen atoms. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov protein muaj nitrogen, sulfur thiab phosphorus. Ob hom macromolecules yog cov organic tebchaw tseem ceeb, thiab lawv ua haujlwm ntau yam hauv cov kab mob nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv txawv structurally thiab functionally. Monosaccharides yog lub tsev blocks ntawm carbohydrates thaum amino acids yog lub tsev blocks ntawm proteins.
YCarbohydrates yog dab tsi?
Carbohydrates yog cov organic molecules ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tsim C, H thiab O. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog ib qho ntawm lub zog tseem ceeb hauv cov kab mob muaj sia. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yog macromolecules tsim los ntawm monomers hu ua monosaccharides. Monosaccharides yog cov suab thaj yooj yim xws li qabzib, fructose thiab galactose, thiab lwm yam. Ob lub monomers txuas ua ke thiab tsim cov disaccharides xws li sucrose, m altose, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, carbohydrates muaj xws li oligosaccharides thiab polysaccharides. Oligosaccharides muaj peb mus rau rau lub monomers thaum polysaccharides muaj ntau monosaccharides.
Daim duab 01: Carbohydrates
Raws li, kev tsim hluav taws xob feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov carbohydrates, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm cov piam thaj vim tias carbohydrates muaj rau cov kev xav tau ntawm lub zog tam sim. Hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tsiaj, carbohydrates tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm glycogen thaum nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag, carbohydrates pom tau tias yog hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, carbohydrates yog cov dej-soluble biomolecules, thiab lawv tuaj yeem tso tawm 4 kcal ib gram. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub thiab nplej yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv carbohydrates. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab qab zib yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv tib neeg noj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov carbohydrates tsis yog lub zog xwb, tab sis lawv kuj ua lub luag haujlwm hauv cov kab mob muaj sia.
YYuav ua li cas yog Proteins?
Proteins yog cov organic tebchaw ua los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov amino acids, uas muaj carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, thiab sulfur. Amino acids yog ob hom uas yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab tsis tseem ceeb amino acids. Hauv tib neeg lub plab zom mov, cov proteins zom rau hauv nws cov monomers; amino acids los ntawm enzymes thiab ces cov amino acids yooj yim nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Qhov tseeb, cov proteins yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Lawv kuj tau siv ua ke nrog lwm cov molecules los tsim cov cellular membrane hais, nucleic acids, vitamins, enzymes, thiab cov tshuaj hormones, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov proteins yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv kev tsim cov qe ntshav liab thiab ntshav feem ntau.
Daim duab 02: Proteins
Ib yam li ntawd, cov proteins ua lub zog, thiab hauv kev tawm dag zog raws li lub hauv paus ntawm cov leeg nqaij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv nrog kev tawm dag zog. Zoo ib yam li carbohydrates, cov proteins muaj zog thiab ib gram ntawm cov protein tso tawm 4 kcal ntawm lub zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov proteins tsis yog tsuas yog lub zog muaj macromolecules xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov proteins ua tiav ntau lwm yam dej num hauv cov kab mob. Enzymes yog cov protein. Lawv yog cov catalysts ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj biochemical. Qee cov tshuaj hormones kuj yog cov proteins. Lawv tswj feem ntau ntawm lub cev ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov neurotransmitters yog cov proteins. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb hauv cov teeb liab kis. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau cov proteins yog cov qauv proteins xws li keratin, collagen, thiab lwm yam.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Carbohydrates thiab Proteins?
- Carbohydrates thiab Proteins yog ib qho tseem ceeb macromolecules.
- Lawv muaj C, H thiab O.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yog qhov chaw muaj zog.
- Ob qho carbohydrates thiab cov proteins yog cov organic sib txuas tseem ceeb.
- Lawv muaj cov pleev molecular zoo sib xws.
- Ob qho carbohydrates thiab cov protein muab lub zog ntawm 4 kcal ib gram.
Qhov txawv ntawm Carbohydrates thiab Proteins yog dab tsi?
Ob leeg cov protein thiab carbohydrates yog cov khoom hauv peb cov khoom noj. Cov suab thaj yooj yim xws li qabzib thiab fructose txuas nrog ib leeg los ntawm glycosidic bonds thiab tsim cov carbohydrates. Ntawm qhov tod tes, amino acids txuas nrog ib leeg los ntawm peptide bonds thiab tsim cov proteins. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov carbohydrates thiab cov protein. Tsis tas li ntawd, carbohydrates yog lub zog tseem ceeb hauv peb lub cev thaum cov proteins yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm peb lub cev. Yog li, nws yog lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm carbohydrates thiab proteins.
Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm cov carbohydrates thiab cov proteins yog cov enzymes xws li amylase, sucrase thiab m altase catalyze carbohydrate digestion nyob rau hauv peb GI txoj hlab ntsha thaum proteases thiab peptidases catalyze cov protein zom.
Hauv qab infographic nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm carbohydrates thiab cov proteins.
Summary – Carbohydrates vs Proteins
Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm carbohydrates thiab cov protein, carbohydrates yog lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub cev thaum cov proteins yog lub tsev tsim ntawm peb lub cev. Ob leeg yog cov tseem ceeb macromolecules uas muaj cov suab thaj yooj yim thiab cov amino acids feem. Carbon, hydrogen thiab oxygen yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm carbohydrates thiab cov proteins. Lwm yam tshaj li C, H thiab O, cov proteins muaj S thiab N. Tsis tas li ntawd, piv rau cov carbohydrates, cov proteins yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov enzymes, ntau cov tshuaj hormones thiab ntau cov neurotransmitters yog cov proteins. Lawv tseem ceeb heev rau tus neeg noj qab nyob zoo.
